高三课件(篇1)
王林，一个跟他妻子、儿子生活在中国东部的木匠。两年前，被诊断得了肺结核。他身体越来越虚弱，胸口经常不断地疼痛。医生告诉他治疗需要花费上万元。可王先生是个下岗工人，他的妻子月收入仅300元。更糟糕的是，他还有个贷款上大学的儿子。这种情况似乎很令人绝望。
但是，三个月后，王林听说有一个保健项目能根据患者需要以半价、甚至更低的价格提供治疗。多亏了这个项目以及家人和邻居的好心，他及时得到了治疗，阻止了疾病对整个身体健康的破坏。现在他已经回到家，正在寻找一份工作。而且，他已决定为他的家人买保险。他说：“如果我早买了保险，这次疾病就不会引起这么大的麻烦。我不会让这种事情再发生在家里其他人身上。”
拯救王先生命的这个项目是许多旨在改善和提高中国特困人群生活状况项目中的一个。这个项目旨在鼓励保健改革，摆脱贫穷。它是全国最大的健康医疗资助项目，现正在四个城市被试点。到目前为止，这个项目已帮助多人得到医疗资助。中国政府也正在连同其他国家和国际组织一起工作，为低收入家庭提供方便接触医院和诊所的通道。其目标是为中国开发和发展新的保健模式。
王林的情况并不独特、罕见。到底，中国有两千二百万都市人口依赖政府资助过活。总计有一百五十一亿元被花在支持那些不能谋生的人身上。然而，这一补助仅够最基本的衣食需要，不包括保健、住房或教育。
对于一些贫困地区的下岗工人来说，疾病就是对他们的家庭施加额外的压力。当他们病了的时候，他们负担不起看医生和从药店买药的费用，甚至他们都不能保证他们的孩子有健康的饮食。如果某个人病得很严重，整个家庭就会被迫贫穷不堪。有统计数字表明，疾病导致超过百分之三十的低收入家庭生活在贫穷境地。有些家庭甚至不得不把从政府得到的补助全用到治疗和医院费用上。
在政府努力抗击贫穷的许多方面，保健占据很重要的位置。如果低收入家庭连医疗保险都买不起，就像王林一家，那么其他减少贫穷的措施将都不会成功。
政府的另外一项巨大挑战就是阻止艾滋病的蔓延。联合国艾滋病理事会警告，如果不采取更多的措施来阻止这种病的传播，中国受传染人的数量在之前将达到一千万。为了迎接这次挑战，中国政府已承诺为公众提供免费的艾滋病测试和为那些负担不起治疗费用的人提供免费的治疗。
有时候一个社会对其最弱成员的照顾程度被看作是评判此社会的标准。随着我们国家的发展，我们必须记住与财富和繁荣共同到来的责任。当我们国家的发展，我们必须保证没有人被落在后面。我们不能允许自己太自私。当问题出现的时候，我们必须要一起努力克服它。
高三课件(篇2)
Words and expressions
1. perseverance n. steady persistence in adhering to a course of action, a belief, or a purpose; steadfastness 毅力；坚持
Great works are performed, not by strength, but perseverance.
伟大的作品不是靠力量而是靠毅力来完成的。
2. quit
vt. to give up; abandon 放弃；to depart from; leave 离开；to cease or discontinue 停止；中断
He has not quit smoking, but is holding down to three cigarettes a day.
他并没有戒烟,但是已减到每天只抽三支烟了。
You and I are on the point of quitting the theater of our exploits.
你我正在离开我们辉煌业绩的舞台。
The teacher asked them to quit talking. 老师要求他们不要说话。
vi. to leave, to move, to stop
Time to quit. 该收手了。/该下班了。
3. apply (…) to … use; put into practice 应用；运用 n. application
We should apply theory to practice. 我们应当把理论运用到实践中去。
apply to 适用
What you have said doesn’t apply to this case.
apply for 申请
apply for a position/a patent
4. add up find the total of 总计；加起来
Add up 6,7 and 8 and you'll get 21. 把六、七、八相加，总数是二十一。
add up to 合计达
add to 增加
add … to 把…加到… add fuel to the fire 火上加油 add color to 增色
Add up all the numbers.
The cost of the party added up to 2,000 yuan.
The sudden rain added to our trouble.
Add some salt to the soup.
5. circumstance n. a condition or fact attending an event and having some bearing on it 环境；情况(常用复数形式)
Force of circumstances led us to give up our project. 环境的力量使得我们放弃了我们的方案。
It depends on [upon] circumstances. 这要视情况而定。
under/in no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然这样
Under no circumstances should you step out of the house.
6. lose heart become discouraged 沮丧；灰心
Don't lose heart at any failure, but try again. 失败时不要灰心，要再接再厉。
lose one’s heart (to) sb. = fall in love with sb.
7. assessment n. the act of assessing; appraisal 评估；估价
environmental assessment 环境影响评估
vt. assess
1.) (为征税)估定(财产)的价值[(+at)]
The value of this property was assessed at one million dollars. 这财产的价值估定为一百万元。
2.) 确定(税、罚款、赔偿金等)的金额
assess damage after an accident 事故后确定损害赔偿金额
3.) 对...进行估价,评价
It is too early to assess the effects of the new legislation. 现在来评价新法规的效果为时尚早。
8. take it easy 放松些；别紧张
When the teacher found some of his students get nervous at the examination, he told them to take it easy. 老师发现一些学生考虑时焦急不安，就叫他们不要紧张。
归纳：take it 猜想, 以为；断定 take it for granted 视为当然
take it ill 见怪, 介意某事 take it or leave it 要么接受要么放弃
take it out on sb. 向某人出气 take it seriously 认真对待
9. keep up retain(one's spirits, strength, etc); (one's spirits, strength, etc.)not decline 维持；保持
The mountaineers' spirits kept up against heavy odds.
在非常不利的条件下，登山运动员们仍然情绪高涨。
归纳：keep up appearances 装门面 keep up one's spirits 振作精神
keep up to date 使记到最近时期；使跟上时代 keep up with 跟上
10. survival n. the act of surviving; continuance of life 幸存；存活
He stayed eight days in an open boat with no food, and he was still alive; his survival was a miracle. 他在无遮档的小船上呆了八天，又无食物，还活下来了，这真是个奇迹。
survive ①vi. 幸存，活下来 His parents died in the accident, but he survived.
②vt. 比…或活得长；经历…之后还存在 survive sb. / survive the fire
survivor n. 生还者, 残存物
11. beyond
prep. ①on the further or other side of 在较远的一边；在另一边 ②(of time)later than; more advanced than（时间）晚于；超过 ③out of the reach of; outside one\'s understanding 为…不能及；超出…理解力之外 ④(negative and interrogative) except 除…之外
The post office is beyond the bridge. 邮局在桥的那一头。
Some shops keep open beyond midnight. 有些商店营业到半夜以后。
He was beyond the help of the teacher. 他使老师束手无策。
I know nothing beyond this. 除这之外，我什么也不知道。
adv. farther away 在远处 look beyond 向远处看
12. lose one’s way become lost 迷路；迷失
Lily lost her way in the woods. 莉莉在森林里迷了路。
feel one’s way fight one’s way make one’s way push one’s way wind one’s way
13. burden n. something that you carry; a heavy load 负担；包袱/a duty which is hard to do well 责任
It is a burden to the people. 这对人民是一种负担。
The burden fell on me. 责任落在我身上。
vt.
1.) 加重压于，加负担于，烦扰[(+with)]
The government burdened the nation with heavy taxes. 政府使国民负担重税。
2.) 加负荷于，使载重[(+with)]
He was burdened with a large bundle of magazines. 他吃力地捧着一大捆杂志。
14. desperate adj. having no hope and ready to do any wild or dangerous thing 绝望的；不顾一切的/ very serious 极严重的；危急的
The prisoners became desperate in their attempts to escape. 那些囚犯拼命企图逃亡。
The country is in a desperate state and we must work hard.
国家处于危急关头，我们应当努力工作。
15. accustomed adj. being in the habit of习惯[于…]的 [to doing]
I am not accustomed to walking long distances. 我不习惯于长距离的步行。
be accustomed to working/to work hard习惯于苦干
16. thirst n. [U] wanting to drink something; a strong desire 渴；渴望
I drank a cup of tea to relieve my thirst. 我喝了一杯茶止渴。
The artist thirsted for fame. 艺术家想出名。
17. starvation n. suffering or death caused by extreme hunger 挨饿；饿死
The cat died of starvation. 那只猫饿死了。
starve v. (cause to) suffer or die from great hunger 使挨饿，饿死/ (cause to) suffer from not having sth. 使得不到某物而痛苦
They lost in the desert and starved to death. 他们在沙漠迷路而饿死了。
The school is starved of resources. 学校缺乏财源。
18. anxiety n. [U] worry and fear 忧虑；担心；焦急 [C] something that makes you worried and afraid 担心的事；焦虑
We waited with anxiety for our examination results. 我们焦急地等待考试结果。
He has been relieved of his anxieties. 他已消除了忧虑（事）。
19. came to an end stop 结束；终止
All good things must come to an end. 一切好事迟早都会结束。（天下没有不散的宴席。）
at the end of 在...结尾,在....末端 in the end 最后，终于
bring to an end 使…结束 on end on end 竖着, 连续地
make an end of 终止，除掉 end (up) with 以――告终
put an end to 结束，终止 make ends meet 收支相抵
20. tax n. money that the government takes from your pay or from the sale of some goods 税
There is a large tax on cigarettes. 香烟的税很重。
pay taxes on sth. (taxpayers) 纳税 charge/impose/levy taxes on sth. 征税
v. 对…征税，向…课税 Imported wines are heavily imported in China.
21. anniversary n. the annually recurring date of a past event, especially one of historical, national, or personal importance 周年纪念；周年纪念日
a wedding anniversary the 20th anniversary of our country’s independence
22. relief n. ①the removal or ease of worry, pain ,etc. 解除；减轻
The medicine brought me relief. 这药减轻了我的痛苦。
Hearing the news, he breathed a sigh of relief. 一听到消息,他如释重负地松了口气。
②help given to people in poverty of trouble 救济
They are in need of relief. 他们需要救济。
Relief was flown to the flood-hit areas. 救济物品被空运到洪水泛滥区。
23. deliver vt. (delivery n.)
①take something to the place where it must go 投递；送交
Every day the milkman delivers milk to our house. 每天送牛奶的人都把牛奶送到我家。
②give forth in words 发言
He delivered a speech at the meeting. 他在会上讲了话。
③help in the birth of 接生
she delivered the child. 她接生了这孩子。
④save, set free, release 解救;解脱;释放[(+from)]
Education delivered him from ignorance. 教育把他从无知中解救出来。
24. Arctic adj. of the north polar regions 北极的
n. the regions round the north pole 北极；北极圈；北极地方
the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 the Arctic Regions 北极地区
25. tough adj. able to withstand great strain without tearing or breaking; strong and resilient 坚韧的 demanding or troubling; difficult 困难的 physically hardy; rugged 强壮的 showing strong determination 强硬的，不妥协的
a tough guy 硬汉 tough meat 老肉 tough attitude 强硬的态度 a tough task 棘手的任务 a tough customer 难缠的顾客 a tough neighborhood 治安很差的住宅区
26. wrap vt. to cover completely with 包裹；缠绕
I wrapped the present in red paper. 我把礼物用红纸包了起来。
n. [C] an article of dress to be folded round a person 披在身上的衣物
Don't forget your wraps, when you travel in winter. 冬天旅游时，不要忘带外套、围巾等。
27. tie up put a piece of string, rope, etc. round something to hold it firm 捆；拴；系
I tied up the parcel. 我捆好包裹。
28. stake n. [C] strong post of wood or metal that stands in the ground 桩；柱桩
The farmer tied the bull to a stake in the field. 农民把公牛拴在田里的桩子上。
at stake: at risk; in question 在危急之中
29. ray n. line or beam of light, heat, etc. 光线；辐射线 v. 放射，射出光线
A ray of sunlight fell on the sleeping boy. 阳光照射着睡着的男孩。
This afternoon I will have my son x-rayed. 今天下午我带儿子去X光透视。
30. bark n. the short, sharp sound a dog makes; a sound like this, esp. a cough 吠声；似犬吠的声音 v. 吠, 咆哮, 剥树皮
The bark of a dog sounded in the night. 在夜间听到狗叫声。
Barking dogs seldom bark.
31. memorial n. [C] building or statue to remind people of someone or something 纪念馆；纪念碑（物） a memorial to people’s heroes
32. retell vt. tell again; repeat 重述；复述
retell what happened on the island one early morning in autumn.
复述一个秋天的清晨在那个岛上发生了什么。
33. go for to put a lot of effort into sth, so that you get or achieve sth. 为……去；努力获取
It sounds a great idea. Go for it. 这听起来是个极好的主意。努力去实现吧！
Reading
Step 1 Lead in
1. Talk about legendary journeys in China.
Journey to the West: The story is known in China. The hero Monk Tang in the story went through 81 difficulties. Finally he got the Buddhist Scripture.
The Long March: If there had not been the long march, we could not have lived the happy life. They went through starvation, coldness and so on.
Climbing Mount Qomolangma: They have to face difficulties like coldness, avalanche and snowstorm. It’s not only a personal achievement but also a pride for the whole nation.
2. China’s “Go West” policy.
3. The process of developing the west in America:
1748年 弗吉尼亚的俄亥俄州土地公司的组建（开始）。
1784，1785，1787 年制定三个土地法开发西部的纲领。
1895年 工业总产值跃居世界第一位
西部开发的三个阶段：
农业开发阶段（1750－1850） 工业开发阶段（1850－1950） 科技开发阶段 （1950－至今）
Step 2 Reading
1. Skimming
The main idea of the text:
The text related a story that the hero’s family and many other families moved to the West. They ran into many difficulties on the way to the West. Faced with the difficulties, they didn’t give up. Finally they got to the West and started a new life.
Part 1 (1) The cause and the beginning of the journey
Part 2 (2) The first destination of the journey
Part 3 (3-5) The most trying part of the journey
Part 4 (6) Reaching the promised land (The end of the journey)
2. Scanning
①When did we decide to move to another place? 1845,10
②How long did the journey last? About a year
③What is our first destination? India Greek in Kansas
④Is the journey hard? Can you make some examples about it?
Yes, it is hard. You can make many examples.
3. Detailed reading
Fill in the chart:
Time Events
October, 1845 set off for the journey
April ,1846 continued the journey westward
November, 1846 entered the desert and lost the way
For many weeks travel in the Death Valley
Christmas Day reached the promised land
Choose the best answers:
1. The reason why my father wanted to go to California is that . 答案：C
A. California was in desert B. California was far away
C. California was a wonderful land described in a book
D. California was the largest state in the USA
2. People moving to the west would meet in . 答案：A
A. Kansas B. California C. Salt Lake Valley D. Salt Lake Desert
3. On which day did the author enter the Salt Lake Desert? 答案：B
A. April 12. B. November 4. C. October 15. D. December 25.
4. Why did the travelers call their ninety-mile drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “Long Drive”? 答案：D
A. Because the landscape was dry and barren. B. Because water was salty and not drinkable.
C. Because their water supply was so low. D. All of the above.
5. After the travelers burnt their wagons, they had to go on their feet with another miles to go. 答案：B
A. 2 500 B.500 C.90 D.45
6. Why didn’t the author stay behind with the children and wait for help? 答案：A
A. Because that meant he/she would die.
B. Because he/she knew that children were tiresome.
C. Because he/she knew that there was a wagon waiting for him/her.
D. Because he/she felt he/she could get a prize by his/her father.
7. The animals almost ran when the travelers reached the edge of the desert, why? 答案：C
A. Because they were tired and weak. B. Because they had no burden.
C. Because they must have smelt the water. D. Because they went back to their home.
8. How long did the author spend finishing the journey? 答案：A
A. More than 40 months. B. About 2 months.
C. About a year. D. About a year and a month.
9. From the text, we can infer . 答案：D
A. the author and the travelers had to go all day and all night long
B. there was no oxen left when the travelers reached California
C. many travelers died when their days of hardship came to an end
D .it’s a long way to travel from the author’s hometown to California
10. The best title of the text is . 答案：B
A.A Journey to California B. Long Drive
C. The Salt Lake Desert D. Enjoy Your Life
3. Post-reading
1. What the writing techniques of this text are?
A. Use of the chronological order to narrate the story.
B. Use many participles to make the text readable and concise.
C. The landscape of the Salt Lake Valley sharply contrasts with that of the Salt Lake Desert. The scenery of the Salt Lake Valley is very beautiful, however, that of the Salt Lake Desert is dry and barren. Use the sharp contrastive scenery, expressing the hero’s optimism about the life he dreamed of in the West and coming across the difficulties on the way to the West.
2. What can we learn from this text?
When we come across problems, we shouldn’t try to escape. Instead , we should learn to face reality and solve the problems. As long as we overcome the difficulties and never give up, we will achieve our goals and succeed. More over, we all have dreams in our heart. As long as we insist and keep making great efforts, I believe we will make our dreams come true one day.
4. Consolidation
In the ______ of 1845, after his father read a book about _________, he decided to _____ there. His family and many other families ________ for their journey by the middle of October. After traveling through _________, they had to spend __________ in Kansas. Until ____________ , they wouldn’t leave. They traveled by day. On November4, 1846, they entered __________ and soon lost their way. Due to lack of ______________, the oxen had no strength to pull the wagons and were burnt. People had no choice but to cover another 500 miles ________. At last, they _________ all the difficulties and got to the west on the morning of _____________. They started their new life there.
Keys: spring, California, move, 4 states, the winter, April 12, 1846, the desert, water and grass, on foot, overcame, Christmas Day
Language points
1. believe in 信仰
2. stand for 代表，代替
3. adapt to 调节，适合
4. lose heart 灰心，泄气
5. be cast away (被)抛弃
6. give up 放弃 give in 投降，屈服，让步，交上
7. less than 少于;不足
more than 看似简单，含义丰富，主要用于以下情况：
（1）比…更（多、大等），用于比较结构。
He always asks more than he gives. 他总是索取多于给予。
（2）超过，多于，相当于over。
I have known David for more than 20 years. 我认识大卫20多年了。
（3）岂止是，不仅是； 非常， 十分
Can’t you sense the hidden meaning? It’s more than a joke.
难道你没听出言外之意吗？这不只是一个笑话。
more than happy/sorry 特高兴 / 特难过
（4）是…不能，非…能力所及，其后跟从句，从句中用can或could。
This is more than I can understand. 这是我所不能理解的。
归纳：more …than… 与其说…不如说， 不是…而是
He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。
no more than 强调少，意为“只有，不过，仅仅”
not more than 客观叙述，意为“不超过”
He has no more than five dollars on him.
他身上仅有5美元。(强调少)
He has not more than five dollars on him.
他身上带的钱不超过(仅有)5美元。(强调数额少于5美元)
8. set off for 开始(旅程；赛跑)；出发
set off 出发、引爆
set about doing = set out to do
set aside 留出, 不顾, 取消, 驳回
set foot in/on
set fire to sth. =set sth. on fire
set in开始, 到来； 上涨；插入, 嵌入；开始,涨潮 / be set in 以…为背景
set up 设立, 竖立, 架起, 升起, 装配, 创(纪录), 提出, 开业
set an example to sb.
set back (set back the project 使受挫/ set my watch back 2 minutes往后拨)
9. move on 继续前进
10. by day 在白天
11. lose one’s way 迷路
12. most of the way 大部分路程
区别：most & most of 在most+名词结构中，名词是不定的，因此不能most the students, most us，而在most of +名词结构中，名词是指定的，它必须带有定冠词或物主代词等限定词。
12. hang out 伸出
13. in desperate need of 在极度需要的(时候)
14. on our feet = on foot 步行
15. be accustomed to doing sth. (通常用于被动语态)习惯于
16. suffer from 患病;遭受……之苦
17. hurry on to do sth. / (with) 赶紧办理;急急忙忙地去做某事
18. stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
19. go on all fours 用四肢 lie one’s back/stomach
20. reach the edge of 达到了…的边缘 on the edge of 濒于, 几乎, 在边缘
21. stare at 瞪视; 凝视 glare at 瞪着，怒视
23. come to an end 结束;终止
Integrating Skills
1. the eightieth anniversary of sth. …80周年纪念日
2. a race against time 与时间赛跑，抢时间
3. save…from 挽救……免于
4. there was widespread relief 足以令人欣慰
5. Every minute counted/counts. 没分钟都非常关键。
6. up to 一直到,等于
7. at stake 在危险中；关系重大
8. the golden rays of the dawn 黎明的第一道曙光
9. a memorial to sb. / sth. 的纪念馆
10. risk one’s life to do/doing 冒险去做某事 risk doing
11. diseases of that kind 那样的病
12. a historical event 历史事件
高三课件(篇3)
Period 2 Language Points & Grammar
By XiaoShan No.10 High School Han Miao
Teaching goals
1. Deal with the language points of this reading to help students understand the text better.
2. Try to understand and use the Object Complement.
Teaching important points
1. Try to master some important words and phrases. Eg. available, illegal, hand in hand, accuse of, take into consideration,…
2. let students understand the types of the Object Complement and use it.
Teaching difficult points
How to explain the Object Complement clearly to help students understand it.
Teaching methods
1. Question-and-answer method to go through with the language points and grammar.
2. Check their homework to make every student work in class.
Teaching aids
A computer
Teaching procedures & ways
Step I Greetings
Greet the students as usual.
Step II Language points
We have divided the text into three parts. Let’s check your homework part by part.
1) Part 1 Tick the right answers.
Advertising is a ( highly developed / high developed) industry. The development of media has gone (hand to hand / hand in hand) with its development. In order to influence the choices customers make, advertising tries to associate the product ( to / with) the customers’needs. As people see many ads every day, advertisers must work hard to get their message ( across / across to) .For that reason, companies spend ( large amounts of / large amount of) money employing advertisers who can produce
wonderful ads to(appeal to / appeal for) customers’emotions.While people (react to / react on) abvertisements in different ways. Some people think it useful and entertaining .( On the one hand / On the other hand), some accuse companies ( of / by) using ads to mislead us.
Explain some important points:
1. highly developed
2. hand in hand
3. get across
4. large amounts of
5. accuse sb. of sth.
2.) Part 2 Complete the following sentences with the proper form of the words. The first letter is given.
1. Ads help people in a v_______ of ways.
2. First of all, it can help consumers make right choices to choose among all the a_________ products.
3. There are many things we need to take into c___________ before we buy a new product.
4. Ads a_______ customers to compare prices and quality by explaining the new product to them.
5. A______ with the facts and figures given by advertising, customers are better able to deal with the product.
6. However, not all ads are used to p_______ a product or to increase a company’s profits
7. Many governments use ad campaigns to make people a______ of social problems and government policies.
Explain some important points:
1. a variety of
2. take into consideration
3. arm with
3. not all
3) . Part 3 Find out some mistakes in the following sentences, then correct them.
There are also some bad ads to use legal ways to mislead consumers. It is not always easy to spotting a bad ad. But there are a few things we can look out. First of all, we should always keep a eye out for “hidden information”. Then we should be careful of a trick used in so-called “bait-and-switch” ads. Good ads make it is possible for companies to introduce new products and increase sales. Advertisements should provide accurate information to help consumers to find the right product in the best price., We consumers should learn to analyse ads to protect ourselves from false advertisements and make ourselves to believe this product.
Explain some important points:
1. look out for sth
2. keep an eye out for
3. make it possible
Step III grammar
1. Let students analyse the structure of a sentence:
The ads make ourselves believe this product.
Believe is the Object Complement.
The Object Complement 是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的行为、身份、状态、特征的成分
2. Let students analyse the types of Object Complement by finish the sentences.
1. We call her Linda.(我们叫她琳达) → 名词2. The coat keeps us warm.( 大衣让我们保暖) → 形容词
3. He ordered them away. （他命令他们离开）→ 副词
4. Make yourselves at home. (请随便一点) → 介词短语
5. They wish you to go with them.(他们希望你和他们一起去) → 动词不定式6. I heard you singing.(我听到他正在唱歌) → 现在分词
7. Speak louder to make yourselves heard.(说大声一点，让他们听到你) → 过去分词
要点：
1． 动词不定式作宾补时要注意的地方。
2． 现在分词与动词不定式作宾补的区别。
3． 现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别
3.Let students do some exercises about the Object Complement.
3. check their answers and explain them if necessary.
Step IV. Homework.
1.Finish the exercises on page 180-181
2.Preview Integrating Skills
.10.11
高三课件(篇4)
在我们的城市广告随处可见--它们在电视、收音机上广播，粘贴在因特网上，印在报纸和海报上。广告业是高度发展的行业。无线电、电视、电影、杂志和报纸的发展同广告业的发展是齐头并进的。
人们对广告的态度并不一样。有人觉着广告很有用，而且很有趣。也有人对广告很反感。捍卫广告的人认为，广告介绍优质产品，给消费者提供有价值信息，有助于消费者作出判断。另一方面，批评者有时指责公司滥用广告，误导消费者，让我们相信某种其实很一般的产品有多么好或购买某种产品会令人更加愉快等。
广告的原理十分简单。把一个品牌介绍给潜在的顾客，使产品与需要相配和，这样公司就可以影响顾客的选择。由于消费者每天接触大量的广告，广告人必须十分努力才可以灌输自己的信息（给别人）。正因如此，公司往往花费巨资聘用广告人。接近消费者的最后机会是投合消费者的情感需要。这样，卖掉的好像不是一件产品，而是卖掉了金钱所买不到的东西，譬如爱，幸福与成功。
广告对公司和消费者产生作用通过好几种方式。事实一再证明，频繁的广告提升了销售量，从而导致了产量的提高，因此导致了价格的下降。所以广告不但没有使产品变得更贵，反而使产品变得便宜了。广告也会帮助消费者在琳琅满目的商品中作出选择。在购买一件昂贵的商品--譬如一辆车或一台电脑时我们往往要考虑许多因素，这时广告会帮助我们作出正确的决定。
或许广告最重要的功能就是介绍新产品。忠实的广告会提供好的信息帮助消费者判断他们是不是需要某件广告中的产品。通过介绍产品特点、功能、耗资以及服务，广告还可以使消费者在走进商场以前对产品的价格和质量进行比较。在掌握了一些事实和数字以后，消费者才能更好地应对伶牙俐齿的销售人员。
不是所有广告都用来促销产品或者提升公司业绩。政府也会利用广告使民众了解社会问题和政府的方针政策。一些救助组织常常指定某位名人作为自己的代言人来宣传自己的宗旨。譬如，联合国选择足球明星罗纳尔多，歌星tetsuyakomuro以及其他一些名人作为特使向公众宣传自己的计划。政府的其他一些非赢利机构还利用广告技术来普及知识、影响公众的态度取向以及改良社会。
有一些广告就不是那么有帮助。这些“坏广告”利用非法手段误导消费者。识别一个坏广告不是很容易，但总有一些蛛丝马迹可以追寻。首先，我们要时刻留意那些“隐藏信息”。有些广告把很重要的信息隐藏在很小的字体下面或者用色彩掩饰着。还有些广告通过半真半假的图片或者为了看上去更吸引人而改动图片从而来误导我们。在一则所谓的“诱骗销售法”的广告中就使用了类似的伎俩：展示给顾客的是一种产品，买到的却是另外一种。
没有明显的证据表明广告的用处到底有多大，但是广告对于厂家和消费者却很重要。好的广告有助于公司推销新产品，提高销售量。如果广告提供准确的信息，则有助于大众消费者以最优的价格买到合适的产品。由于广告的巨大影响加上厂家的蓄意误导，我们对待广告要特别小心。如果我们不能辨别真假，我们就正好中了圈套。反过来讲，如果我们学会辨别，我们就会保护自己不受虚假广告的欺骗从而作出明智的选择。
高三课件(篇5)
在1986年，中国政府提出了一项关于在以前每个中国孩子将会接受九年义务教育的法律。尽管在达成这个目标方面有一些问题，但是结果还是很成功的。据报道，在以前，中国99％的学龄儿童能进入小学。
如同在其他国家一样，中国政府意识到中国市民的将来福利与教育密切相连。在20召开的世界教育论坛会上，计算出有一亿一千三百万个孩子未进入学校。在论坛会上，联合教育成员国，科学和文化组织（unesco）做了一个承诺，目的是去提供“在之前，为所有孩子提供完全免费的高质量的义务教育”。他们称这个目标为“全民教育“。现在，这些国家正努力去争取让每一个孩子都入学，而且他们也正经历着类似于中国所面临的困难。
首先，创造一个积极的态度是一个重要的开端。在农业为主体的地区，人们不重视教育，家长们对不让孩子们参加地里劳作的做法很有疑虑。尽管关于孩子，家庭和社区怎样才能受益已经做出了解释，但是要改变传统的观念是不容易的。中国和其他国家发现，即使当来自乡下的孩子开始上学的时候，他们经常旷课，然后就有退学的倾向。尤其是在一些地区，由于认为教育是给男孩的而不是为女孩的风气，所以父母总是不情愿送女儿上学。
中国人口众多，这就意味着为接受更多学生就必须扩大学校。已经出现老师短缺问题。
以至于不同年级的学生在同一间教室里上课。人们如何被分配也能影响教育系统。在中国，大多数市民住在东部区域，这造成了大班级。然而，在遥远的中部和西部省份，人口太少，在这些区域的学校不可能为每个水平上的小数量的学生支援老师。因此，老师只能教混合班级。在澳大利亚的北部和中部，人口是如此的疏散以至于在一些乡下的定居区的孩子去远达1000公里的最近的学校去上学。为解决这个问题，澳大利亚使用“远程教学”方法，学生用收音机和邮件两种方法上课。
一个国家在教育上的成功也全部依赖于经济。在许多发展中国家，不可能有足够的钱来为所有的孩子提供教室、书桌、椅子、书籍和老师。为装备学校，一些政府几乎完全依赖其他国家的援助，国际组织如世界银行和非政府组织以及挽救孩子都在为这些国家提供帮助。其他国家用一些特殊的项目接受帮助：世界银行和挽救孩子已经在中国的一些不发达的省份帮助解决学校。公司和市民个人也通过希望工程捐献钱。
甚至世界上最富有的国家也面临一些问题。美国已发现确定每位学生接受教学的相同质量是不容易的。三分之一的美国学生居住在乡下，给他们提供一个完整的课程是很困难的。远程教学的方法很奏效，现在美国小规模农村学校的学生使用计算机软件、电子邮件和电视会议等方法来学习各门课程。中国已采用远程教学方法，像电视机，并且在，教育部采用计算机处理中部和西部的中国教育网络。
中国政府克服了人口和经济问题来完成它的“九年义务教育”目标。现在，当中国夫妇有一个宝贝的时候，他们能确信他们的孩子将来能进入学校。但是对最不发达的非洲和亚洲国家的孩子的父母来说是非常困难的。在这些甚至没有淡水或者基本保健的国家中，达成“全民教育”的目标将会是一件极大的工作，尽管有来自国际社区的帮助。
高三课件(篇6)
为爱牺牲（1）。
一元八角七分。全都在这儿了。其中六角是一分一分的铜板。这些一分分的钱是从杂货店老板、菜贩子和肉店老板那儿软硬兼施地一分两分地扣下来的，直弄得自己羞愧难当。德拉反复数了三次，还是一元八角七分，而第二天就是圣诞节了。德拉哭泣着。
他们住在一套带家具的公寓里，每周房租八美元。这是一个破烂不堪的地方。楼下的门道里有个信箱，可从来没有装过信。还有一个电铃，也从来没有响过，紧挨着它有一张名片，上写着“詹姆斯.迪林厄姆.杨先生”。
德拉哭完之后，往面颊上抹了抹粉。她站在窗前，痴痴地看着灰蒙蒙的后院里一只灰白色的猫正行走在灰白色的篱笆上。明天就是圣诞节，她只有一元八角七分给吉姆买一份礼物。她花去好几个月的时间，尽了最大的努力一分一分地积攒下来，才得到这样一个结果。一周二十美元实在经不起花。支出远远大于预算，总是如此。只有一元八角七分给吉姆买礼物，她的吉姆啊。她花费了多少幸福的时日筹划着要送他一件可心的礼物，一件精致、珍奇的礼物--至少应有点儿配得上吉姆所拥有的声誉才成啊。
现在，詹姆斯.迪林厄姆.杨夫妇俩有两件特别引以自豪的东西。一件是吉姆的金表，是他祖父传给父亲，父亲又传给他的传家宝；另一件则是德拉的秀发。
突然，德拉走到镜子前面。她两眼晶莹透亮，但二十秒钟之类她的脸上失去了光彩。她迅速地拆散头发，使之完全披散开来。此时此刻，德拉的秀发泼散在她的肩膀周围，微波起伏，闪耀光芒，有如那褐色的瀑布。她的美发长及膝下，仿佛是她的一件长袍。接着，她又赶紧把头发梳好。踌躇了一分钟，她一动不动地立在那里，破旧的红地毯溅落了一两滴眼泪。
她穿上那件褐色的旧外衣，带上褐色的旧帽子，跑出房门，下楼来到街上。她看了几家理发店，最后在一块招牌前停下来，上写着：“索弗罗尼夫人，专营各式头发。“德拉奔上楼梯。
“你要买我的头发吗？”德拉问。“我买头发，”夫人说。“摘掉帽子，让我看看头发。”那褐色的瀑布泼撒了下来。“二十美元，”夫人一边说，一边内行似的抓起头发。“快给我钱，”德拉说。接下来的两个小时，她彻底搜寻各家店铺，为吉姆买礼物。
她终于找到了。那准是专为吉姆特制的，决非为别人。在其他各家商店你，哪儿也没有这样的东西，她把里面的东西都拿了出来。那是一条金表链，而且它正配得上那只金表。她一见这条表链，就知道一定属于吉姆所有。它对吉姆来说太合适了。她花去二十一美元买下了，匆匆赶回家，只剩下八角七分钱。金表很匹配这条链子，无论在任何场合，吉姆都可以毫无愧色地看时间了。
德拉回家之后，立即着手修补她的头发。不出四十分钟，她的头上布满了紧贴头皮的一绺绺小卷发，使她看上去活像个小女学生。她在镜子前照了很长时间。“假如吉姆看我一眼不把我宰掉的话，”她自言自语，“他一定会说我像个科尼岛上合唱队的卖唱姑娘。但是我能怎么办呢--唉！只有一元八角七分，我能干什么呢？”
为爱牺牲（2）。
七点钟，她煮好咖啡，把煎锅置于热炉上，随时都可做晚餐。吉姆一贯准时回家。德拉将表链对叠握在手心，坐在离门最近的桌子角上。当她听见下面楼梯上响起了他的脚步声，她的脸上失去了片刻的血色。她习惯于为了最简单的日常事物而默默祈祷，此刻，她悄声道：“求求上帝，让他觉得我还是漂亮的吧。”
门开了，吉姆走进来并随手关上了门。他显得瘦削而又非常严肃。可怜的人儿，他才二十二岁，就挑起了家庭重担！他需要买件新大衣，连手套也没有呀。
吉姆站在屋里的门口边，两眼固定在德拉身上，其表情使她无法理解，令她毛骨悚然。既不是愤怒，也不是惊讶，又不是不满，更不是嫌恶，根本不是她所预料的任何一种神情。他仅仅是面带这种神情死死的盯着德拉。
德拉起身，向他走过去。“吉姆，亲爱的，”她喊道，“别那样盯着我。我把头发剪掉卖了，因为不送你一件礼物，我无法过圣诞节。头发会再长起来--你不会介意，是吗？我非这么做不可。我的头发长得快极了。说‘圣诞快乐’吧！吉姆，让我们快快乐乐的。你肯定猜不着我给你买了一件多么好的--多么美丽、精致的礼物啊！”
“你已经把头发剪掉了？”吉姆问道。“剪掉卖了，”德拉说。“不管怎么说，你不也同样喜欢我吗？没了头发，我还是我嘛，对吗？”吉姆四下望望这房间。“你说你的头发没有了吗？”他问道。“别找了，”德拉说“告诉你，我已经卖了--卖掉了，没有啦。这是圣诞前夜，好人儿。好好待我，这完全是由于对你的爱呀。我可以摆晚餐了吗，吉姆？”
吉姆好像醒了。他把德拉紧紧搂在怀里。吉姆从大衣口袋里掏出一个小包，扔在桌上。“别对我产生误会，德拉”他说道，“无论剪发还是修面，我都以为世上没有什么东西能减少一点点我对妻子的爱情。如果我剃掉胡须，你会停止对我的爱吗？不会，但是你只消打开那包东西，就会明白刚才为什么使我愣头愣脑了。”
吉姆非但不按她的吩咐行事，反而倒在睡椅上，两手枕在头下，微微发笑。“德拉，’他说，“让我们把圣诞礼物放在一边保存一会儿吧。它们实在太好了，目前尚不宜用。我卖掉金表，换钱为你买了发梳。现在，让我们忘掉这件事，吃晚饭，好吗？”
高三课件(篇7)
(Teaching paper)
--Warming up/ listening / speaking
Step I. Introduction of Charles Dickens & his works on the following questions:
1. Have you read any novels by Charles Dickens? What are they?
2. Which of his books do you like best? What's it about?
3. Do you know sth about “ A Christmas Carol”?
( You may refer to your English Coaching paper Issue 7 for the answers to the questions above.)
Step II. Listening comprehension:
(1) Listen to the tape and find the best answers to the following:
(2) Listen again and fill in the blanks in the following passage:
III. Speaking
(1) Read the two paragraphs on P. 56 and answer the following the questions:
*What kind of person is Ebnenezer Scrooge?
*What is he interested in ?
*Does he have any friends?
*Does he care about his employees?
*What will happen if some business people only think about making money and profits?
*Why do some people make and sell unsafe products?
IV. Explanation of some language points:
Neither Scrooge nor Marley cares for other people .They don' t care about their employees......
*care for/care about
care for 1)在意，放在心上（常用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中）
One shouldn't act without caring for public opinion.
（一个人的行为不能不在意公共舆论）
If you care for my advice, I don't think you should go.
（如果你愿意听我的话，我认为你还是别去。）
2）想要，喜欢（常用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中）
Would you care for a cup of coffee?（来杯咖啡好吗？）
I don't care for riding on a bike very much; I'd rather go on foot.
（我不太喜欢骑自行车，宁愿步行。）
3）关心，照料，照顾（肯定句）
She has a baby to care for; she can't go with us.
（她孩子要照顾，不能和我们一起去）
The patients are well cared for in the hospital.
(病人在医院里得到很好的照顾)
care about 感兴趣，在意
I don't care much about music. (我对音乐不太感兴趣)
She thinks only of herself; she doesn't care about other people.
( 他只想到自己，不关心别人)
She didn't care about when he would leave.
( 他什么时间离开她都不理会)
V. useful expressions and words:
dream about
by the end of
care for / care about
fake food product
make profit / make money
safety measures
food polluted with poisons and bacteria
VI. Home assignment:
Write a passage about the responsibilities of business people towards both their employees and their customers, using the words and phrases on P. 56.
Reading material:
---Reading Comprehension
Step I. Read the story and then find the best answer to the following questions:
1.What kind of man is Mr Ebenezer Scrooge?
A. He is mean. B. He is cold-hearted
C. He is a man with big heart. D. A and B
2.What is Fred like?
A. He looks down upon the poor. B. He is kind-hearted
C. He hates rich people D. The passage doesn't say
3.We can infer from the text that_________________.
A. no rich people want to help the poor.
B. there are still many people poor in the country.
C. Mr Scrooge hasn't given Bob a day off in the end.
D. Fred hates his uncle very much.
4.Why does Lisa want to leave Scrooge ? Because__________.
A. she loves money more than anything else
B. Scrooge pays more attention to money than to her
C. Scrooge' character has changed and differences arose between them.
D. Scrooge no longer loves her.
5.Who makes Scrooge change his attitude toward the poor?
A. Bob B. Fred. C. Santa Claus D. The passage doesn't say
Keys: DBBCC.
Step II: Listen to the tape and paraphrase some difficult sentences and phrases;
1. In the sentence on p. 57 Line 5 “Frost stands on the window.”
The underlined means_________?
A. remains B. rise C. raise D. arise
2. You’ll want all day off tomorrow, I suppose. The underlined means__________.
A. take a holiday B. ask for a day’s leave C. be on duty D. both A and B
3. The sentence “That’s a poor excuse for picking a man’s pocket every twenty-fifth of
December!” on p. 57 really shows_________.
A. Scrooge was a mean but an honest man.
B. Scrooge was a generous and mean person
C. Scrooge was a mean and greedy man
D. Scrooge was a generous and honest man
4. The correct translation for the sentence on p. 58 Line 11 “ Let me leave it alone.” is___.
A. 那我就把它放到后面去吧。
B. 那我就由它去吧。
C. 让我单独谈谈这个问题。
D. 那我现在就不谈这个问题吧。
5. The phrase “badly off” in the sentence on p.58 Line 31 means_________.
A. rich B. poor C. bad D. worse
6. According to the dialogue, the sentence “Alone is what you are, and what you have been.”
really means________.
A. You are always alone without anyone around you.
B. You always like to do things without anyone present.
C. You will always live alone.
D. You are too greedy and mean to have true friends around you.
Answers: ADCDBD
Step II. Language points:
1. I'm freezing, Mr scrooge. Frost stands on the window. My hands are too cold to write.
(Line 5 p.57)
freeze ( froze frozen) vt 结冰 vi使......结冰
Water freezes when the temperature falls below zero centigrade. (结冰 )
Two of the men froze to death.（冻死）
If this frost lasts, the ships in the harbor will be frozen in.（被冰封住）
封存，冻结（财产，存款）稳定（价格，工资等），僵住
Smiles froze on his face.
freeze prices freeze his account
freezing 冰冷的,极冷的 frozen 冻了的，冰冻的
It was freezing last night.
What freezing weather!
Is there any frozen food in the fridge?
It's fun to skate on the frozen lake.
2.stand (p.57. Line 5)
1) vi 持续/持久/保持不变
The house will stand another century. (这房子还可以持续一百年)
The law still stands in force. 这条法律仍然有效）
2） vi 处于（某种状况）
The temperature stood at 0℃ yesterday. (昨天是0摄氏度)
Who stands first on the list? （谁名列第一？）
3）忍受/承受
Can you stand the horrible weather there?
（你受得了那儿可怕的天气吗？）
She can't stand having nothing to do. 没事干她受不了
3. Anyway, I suppose I will have to let you have it. But make sure to be early in the office the day after. ( p. 57. Line 17)
anyway 1) 此处副词用来转变现有话题，回到先前所说的一个话题上，或将话题转移到 一个令人感兴趣的点上，常译为“不过，话又说回来”
It was nice of you to offer anyway.
(话又说回来,你主动提出总是好事)
Anyway, in the end I didn't wear your jacket.
不过,我结果并没有穿你那件上衣
2)=anyhow 无论怎样,至少
The house was empty and I couldn't get in anyway/anyhow.
房子是空的,但我无论都进不去
Anyway/Anyhow you can try, even if there is not much chance of success.
至少你可以试试,即使没有多少成功的机会
I'm not sure what time I'll arrive, maybe half past seven or a quarter to eight. ________, I'll be there as early as possible.
A. However B. Thus C. Anyhow D. Therefore (C)
4.Let me leave it alone. ( p.58. Line 11)
leave ...alone
1)=leave as sb/sth is.别管，别惹，别碰
Her father died when she was sixteen, and left her all alone.
（她十六岁时父亲去世了，留下她孤单一人）
Leave me alone. I'm hopeless. （别管我，我没希望了）
I've told you to leave my things alone.
(我已经告诉过你别碰我的东西)
2)让一个人呆着
Why can't you just leave me alone?
(你怎么就不能让我清静一会儿？)
On account of his illness, he was never left alone.
（由于生病，他身边总留人）
let alone至于......更不用说
They had not enough food to eat, let alone send their children to school.
(他们没有足够食物吃，更谈不上送孩子上学了)
leave sb/sth +形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/不定式（做宾补）“让......处于某种状态
填空 That'll leave the whole morning free, won't it?(有空)
He left the room, leaving the lights burning/on.（亮着）
They walked off and left me sitting there all by myself. （坐）
I'm sorry to have left some of your questions unanswered .（没回答）
We mustn't leave it to take its own course.
5. At this festival season of the year, Mr Scrooge, when many of us enjoy abundant comfort, we would like to ask you to open your heart to the poor, whose sufferings are great. Many thousands are in want of basic needs; hundreds of thousands are in want of basic comforts, sir.
(p. 58 Line 25)
斯克罗先生，在一年的这个欢宴的季节里，当我们享受许多舒适，我们想要你向穷人敞开胸怀，他们所遭受的痛苦太大了，上万人需要基本的需求，上万人需要基本的舒适条件。
1) abundant(=plentiful/rich) 丰富的，充裕的 be in abundant
We have abundant proof of his guilt. 我们有充足的证据证明他有罪。
They had an abundant year last year. 他们去年是个丰收年
Iraq is a country abundant in oil. 伊拉克是个石油丰富的国家。
The country is abundant in minerals. 这国家矿产丰富。
Abundance .n.“丰富"“充裕” in abundance
They live in abundance. 他们过着丰衣足食的生活。
There is food and drink in abundance 有丰富的饮食。
2). want 1) n.[U] 需要；缺乏；贫困
in want of（=in need of）需要 for(from) want of 由于缺少......
He is in want of exercise. 他需要运动
We may one day be in want. 我们将来可能过贫苦的生活
The grass died from want of water。 那些草由于缺水而枯死
2）[cn] 常用复数，意为“需要的东西，必需品；欲望”
He is a man of few wants. 他是个欲望很少的人。
We only have simple wants. 我们只是需要些简单的东西。
联想 in honor of, in memory of, in face of, in time of,
in praise of, in need of, in favor of, in search of
in case of, in hope of,
in charge of/in the charge of, in possession of/in the possession of,
in spite of , at sight of, at thought of
6. be badly off 贫穷 ( p. 58. line 31)
cf. be well off 富裕
My parents were badly off when we were young. 我们小时侯父母很穷
They were worse off than us those years.
那些年他们生活得比我们更糟
He doesn't know when he is well off. 他不知道他什么时候富裕
We are better off now than ten years ago. 我们现在比十年前富裕
7. occupy（occupied）(=to take up; to hold ;to cover; to seize) ( p.58. Line 31)
占（空间，场所，地位）；居住于（家， 房间）；占去（时间）；（军队）占领，占据
Tall bookcases occupy a lot of space in his room.
几个高书橱占了他房间的好多地方。
All the rooms of this hotel are occupied.
这个旅馆的所有房间都客满
The dinner and speeches occupied three hours.
宴会和演说共用了三个小时
He occupied an important position in the French Government.
他在法国政府中担任要职
The enemy soon occupied the fort. 敌人很快占领了这座要塞
*be occupied in doing/with sth = occupy oneself with/in
正从事于 ...... 忙于......
I have been occupied in reading history books. 我一直专心念历史
He occupied himself with various projects. 他从事种种项目
8. admit( admitted)
1) 承认
admit sth/ doing sth/that...
admit sb/sth to be +adj
我承认我的错误 I admit my mistake
我犯了错误 I admit making a mistake.
我错了 I admit that I was wrong.
我们大家都承认他傻 We all admit him to be foolish.
他承认打坏了窗户 He admitted having broken the window. =He admitted that he had broken the window.
2）准许进入场所等，准许......的入场（入学，入会），接纳
admit sb/sth into/to
She opened the door and admitted the guests into the house.
(她打开门让客人进屋)
Children under 18 are not admitted to the film.
（未满18岁的孩子不得看此电影）
be admitted to school/hospital
She had a bad headache and was admitted to hospital this morning.
（她患重感冒，今早被许入院）
My sister was lucky to be admitted to Beijing University.
（我妹妹幸运地被北大录取）
3）（场所等）可容纳
The hall admits (seats/holds) 1200 people.
9.That dates back to the time when we were both poor and content to be so.
那得追溯到我们俩受穷并且很满足的时候
content adj.满意/满足/甘愿
be content with sth
be content to do sth
content oneself(n) with sth
Are you content with your present salary?
I'm content to remain where I am now.
We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only.
He contents himself with a simple but peaceful life in the country.
to one's heart 's content 尽情地
以下为自习内容：
1. care for 1)在意，放在心2）想要，喜欢3）关心，照料，照顾
2. care about 感兴趣，在意
3. freeze prices 稳定价格
freeze account 冻结帐户
freezing weather 寒冷的天气
frozen food 冰冻食品
4 .leave ...alone. 别管，别惹，别碰
5. open one’s heart to 向某人敞开胸怀
6. be abundant in minerals.矿产丰富 in abundance 丰富
7. in want of（=in need of）需要
for(from) want of 由于缺少......
in honor of, in memory of, in face of, in time of,
in praise of, in need of, in favor of, in search of
in case of, in hope of,
in charge of/in the charge of, in possession of/in the possession of,
in spite of , at sight of, at thought of
8. be badly off 贫穷 be well off 富裕
9. be occupied in doing/with sth = occupy oneself with/in 正从事于 ...... 忙于......
10. admit sth/ doing sth/that...
admit sb/sth to be +adj
admit sb/sth into/to准许进入场所等，准许......的入场（入学，入会），接纳
be admitted to school/hospital
11 be content with sth 对……满足
be content to do sth 满足于做……，甘心地做…….
content oneself(n) with sth 使……满足
to one's heart 's content 尽情地
12. close up （暂时）关闭 close down （工厂，企业等）倒闭；停播
13. have an eye for有…… 的眼光，鉴赏
14. toast to 为……干杯
15. A Christmas Carol 圣诞欢歌
16. take one’s place （take the place of） 取代，就位
17. of late(recently, lately)近来
18. go about one’s business 从事某人的事业
19. keep sth in one’s mind 牢记
20. on the contrary 相反
21. terrible fate 可怕的命运
22. have an ambition for/to do sth(power/to come to power)心怀……的野心
a man of ambition 有抱负的人，野心家
be full of ambition 充满野心
be ambitious for/to do sth对(做)……有野心
23. noble aspiration崇高的抱负
24. fall in love with sb be in love with 爱上某人
25. be thrown into prison be put into prison be sent to prison 被关进大牢
26. sentence sb to death 判处某人死刑 beat sb to death starve to death
高三课件(篇8)
Reading comprehension:
Check the answers to the reading comprehension questions.
Paraphrases:
He was going the listen to a lecture,…
He was on his way to a lecture,… (page 91, paragraph 1, line 2)
Aksed him to tell him how to get to a place in the city.
Asked him for directions (page 91, paragraph 1, line 2)
Show the tourist around a place.
Show the tourist around (page 91, paragraph 1, line 4)
He was naturally very good at …
He as a gift for … (page 91, paragraph 1, line 6)
A part-time job which results in a full-time job, or interesting developments
A part-time job leading to greater things (page 91, paragraph 3, line 1)
Providing; on condition that
So long as (page 91, paragraph 3, line 2)
You can buy anything that you need if you have enough money.
You can buy whatever you need if you have enough money. (page 91, paragraph 3, line 3)
Learn how many hours’ work we have to do before buying something.
Learn how many hours’ work has to be done before we can buy something. (page 91, paragraph 3, line 5)
You have to learn when you should ask for help and when you should ask for information.
You have to learn when to ask for help and when to ask for information. (page 91, paragraph 4, line 4)
They regard highly someone who has an active way of life and is eager to learn.
They value someone who leads a active life and is anxious to learn. (page 92, paragraph 1, line 1)
Language points
Part-time jobs:
part-time teacher
part-time engineer
take a part-time job 打零工
Mr. Cook teaches part time in our school.
He was on his way to a lecture, when a tourist stopped him and asked him for directions.
ask for bread and be given a stone
求怜悯却遇到铁石心肠
ask for comment征求意见
ask for information 打听消息
ask for instruction 请示
ask for it 讨苦吃
ask for leave 请假
ask for trouble自找麻烦
They got on so well that Fred decided not to go to the lecture but to show the tourist around the university instead.
not…but…连接两个并列的成分
The plan caused not prosperity but ruin.
这个计划带来的不是繁荣而是毁灭。
no one but (except) me 除我以外没别人
all but 几乎
The job is all but finished! 这工作差不多完成了！
用作加强语气：
Get out of here but fast!立刻从这里滚出去!
They spent a full and very enjoyable morning together, and Fred discovered that he had a gift for making a visit interesting and lively.
She has a gift for music.
I have no gift for painting.
Mother has a gift for making guests feel at home.
He was a man of excellent gifts.
一词多义：full adj.
1（与of连用）满的；充满的；装满的
a full train
The cup is full - it is full of milk.
Her eyes were full of tears.
That political statesman is full of ambition.
2 吃饱的；过饱的
I'm full (up).
3 完全的；最高度的
full speed
the full truth of the matter
They knew full well that he would certainly break his promise.
4 拥有全部权利的
Only full members are allowed to vote.
5 专心的
full of her own troubles
6 充实的
spend a full and enjoyable day
7（与of连用）充满…感情的
full of excitement
8 圆鼓鼓的；丰满的：
a full figure.
9 同父母生的：
full brothers/sisters.
It is a good idea to start a part-time job so long as it does not affect your studies.
I’ll lend it to you as long as you handle it with care.
You can stay as long as you like.
She lived abroad as long as five years.
区别：as long as与as far as
The research on this subject has been done as long as ten years.
The children walked as far as the lake.
as far as 就……而言
as far as I know 据我所知
as far as I’m concerned 就我个人而言
You will find that people will help you if you are ready to help them.
He is always ready enough to help us.
He was ready to believe her.
be ready to die for the country
在理解或反应上迅速的：
a ready intelligence
a ready response
ready wit
available 现成可使用的：
ready money.
She is too ready with excuses.
她总是有借口。
He gave a ready answer to my question.
他对答如流。
They value someone who leads an active life and is anxious to learn.
You should value the advice of your teacher.
Don’t you see how they value your opinion?
We’d better value the friendship between us.
估价；定价
He valued the ring at .
You should learn the value of money, …
Most parents know the value of good education.
Your ideas have little value.
Your idea is of little value.
A newspaper might employ you if you have worked on a student magazine at university or at school.
to serve on a committee
a job on a newspaper
a nurse on the hospital staff.
Which side was he on in the game?
Lesson 62 LETTERS
Reading comprehension:
Check the answers to the reading comprehension questions.
Paraphrases:
I only work in the evenings.
I only work evenings. (page 93, letter 1, paragraph 2, line 2)
Occasionally, I notice that …
From time to time, I notice that… (page 93, letter 1, paragraph 2, line 3)
hides a piece of meat down inside the legs of his trousers.
puts a piece of meat down his trousers (page 93, letter 1, paragraph 2, line 3)
I think I’m in a difficult situation.
I think I’m in a difficult position. (page 93, letter 1, paragraph 3, line 1)
It would have been a good idea if I had told that workmate.
I should have told that workmate. (page 93, letter 1, paragraph 3, line 1)
What’s more, this man is a clever thief.
Besides, this man is a clever thief. (page 93, letter 2, paragraph 1, line 2)
The other staff may not trust you from then on.
The other people in the workplace may not trust you in future. (page 93, letter 2, paragraph 2, line 2)
They will think you tell the manager whatever you see and hear (like a spy).
They will think that you are the eyes and ears of the manager. (page 93, letter 2, paragraph 2, line 2)
You cannot lose/your situation cannot get worse.
You have nothing to lose. (page 93, letter 2, paragraph 3, line 2)
write to me and ask
write to me asking (page 94, letter 1, paragraph 1, line 1)
Possibly, the thief might put some meat in your bag and hope you will be caught and called a thief.
It is quite possible that the thief might put some meat in your bag, hoping you will be caught and called a thief. (page 93, letter 2, paragraph 4, line 1)
I am both surprised and annoyed that you haven’t done so already.
I’m rather surprised you haven’t done so already. (page 94, letter 1, paragraph 1, line 3)
It would have been correct for you to do this.
You should have done this. (page 94, letter 1, paragraph 1, line 4)
the correct things which must be done
the correct things to do (page 94, letter 1, paragraph 2, line 1)
Everyone in a work unit has the responsibility to report…
It is the duty of everyone in a work unit to report… (page 94, letter 1, paragraph 2, line 1)
Language points
It’s a part-time job, so I work only evenings.
I’ve got to work evenings.
I’m always at home evenings.
I work mornings/evenings/nights/Sundays.
Maybe I should have told that workmate I knew what he was doing.
I should have phoned Jack this morning, but I forgot.
He should have come before 2:30. It’s 3 o’clock now. We have to start.
It is quite possible that the thief might put some meat in your bag, hoping you will be caught and called a thief.
I telephoned him instead of writing a letter, hoping I would get n immediate answer.
The children reviewed their lessons in the classroom, reading, writing or listening to the tape.
The manager sat in his office, thinking how to stop stealing.
Putting on warm coat, they rushed out of the door.
Taking a taxi, we hurried to the airport.
There is no doubt about the correct thing to do.
There is no doubt about it.
There is no doubt about his advice.
There is little/not much doubt about what he said.
There is no doubt as to the truth of the story.
There can be no doubt as to their honesty.
There is no doubt that he is a thief.
There is little doubt that our team will win.
doubt v. 怀疑
I doubt the truth of the report.
I don’t doubt what he said.
I doubt whether/if he will come.
The manager might say you were the thief and call in the police.
Call the doctor in.
Call in a specialist.
The best thing you should do now I look for another job and hope that it will turn out better.
The party turned out a great success.
He turned out to be the best player on the team.
The cake turned out beautifully.
高三课件(篇9)
【教学目标】。
1、理解文意，激发学生兴趣，希望重读《红楼梦》。
2、结合个性化人物语言，分析人物性格特点。3、掌握阅读小说的一般方法。
【教学过程】。
一、导入：
得硕亭《草珠一串》“开谈不说《红楼梦》，谈尽诗书也枉然”。似乎读红楼梦是文人的专利，但是自从刘心武老师在百家讲坛开坛设讲以后在社会上掀起了一场红学热，百姓也谈红楼了。其实在座的同学们也对红楼梦并不陌生。我们初中学习过《葫芦僧判葫芦案》，高中学习过《林黛玉进贾府》，此外同学们对红楼梦也或多或少有些了解。
师问1：那么在同学们心目中红楼梦是一部怎样的著作呢？(生自由回答)。
老师总结：好的,不管我们怎么去理解看待红楼梦，当我们打开这部著作的时候，总有一个问题是不能够被绕开的，那就是里面那些富有光彩的女性角色，其中最主要的当然就是谁呢？黛玉和宝钗。历来对黛玉和宝钗的评价就是众说纷纭。
师问2：那么我们在座的同学对黛玉和宝钗又有怎样的理解呢？谁能说说呢？她们之间的关系又是如何的呢？(生自由回答)。
老师总结：通过咱们同学的介绍，我们感觉黛玉和宝钗这两个人她们的身世背景是完全不同的，一个是皇商和贵族的结合、一个出身于一个已衰微的封建家庭并寄人篱下。一位性格比较外向、沉稳，合于礼教。一个性格比较内向、警惕戒备、孤高自许、目下无尘、自矜自重。那么这两个性格迥异、身世不同的人物她们之间是有隔阂、有矛盾的。
我们都知道宝钗非常善于处事，元春从宫里送出的灯谜本不新奇，她故意只说难猜；贾母要她点戏点菜，她就专点热闹戏文和甜烂食品；金钏被逼自杀，她为了安慰王夫人，反说金钏糊涂。薛宝钗格外用力地取悦贾府的统治者。她的为人，早已获得贾府上下的普遍赞许，而黛玉因为寄人篱下性格上有一点的自我保护意识，处处设防,所以难免有些尖酸刻薄的感觉。贾府的上上下下对宝钗都非常的认同，但对黛玉则颇有微词。再加之我知道宝钗有一个金项圈（不离不弃,芳龄永继）正好和宝玉的通灵宝玉（莫失莫忘，仙寿恒昌）相配这就更让深爱宝玉的黛玉有些妒意了。所以这两个性格迥异、身世不同的人物她们之间是有隔阂、有矛盾的。(这从黛玉自责的语言中看出。)在红楼梦的第45回中作者正是把这个矛盾双方放在一个情节当中演绎出一段互剖金兰语的故事，这也就是我们今天要学习的这一段选文。
二、文本自主探究。
师问3：大家在课下已经认真读过了这段选文，那我就向大家提一个小小的问题：这段选文当中林黛玉的处境和心境是怎样的？(生自由回答)。
师问4：能不能把表现这些处境和心境的语言读一下。
板书:处境心境。
老师适时点评引导：从刚刚的赏析中我们知道黛玉正在病中，加之前面我们作为全文的介绍到作为人物的分析我们大家都说了黛玉她寄人篱下、身世孤苦、加之这个时候又犯病而且比往日更重了。大家想一想这么一个女孩子她当时的心境会是怎么样的呢？正如同学们说的她既盼有人，但是有人来看她没说几句话她就又觉得厌烦了。
师问5：那么她这个盼盼的是什么呢？(生自由回答)。
如果同学们读文章很仔细很细心的话一定会发现这样一个问题：黛玉在前面与任何来看她的人说不上三两句话就厌烦了，可是在文章的最后对看望她的宝钗她却说了这样一句话“晚上再来和我说几句话儿”这可是一种诚心诚意的邀请啊！
下面给大家一个思考讨论的机会，希望大家通过我们的思考交流共同解决。
小组讨论（5分钟）：由厌烦到诚邀,黛玉的情感为什么会出现如此大的变化呢？
明确：探病，推心置腹的拉家常。
老师引导：注意过程，黛玉宝钗共说了几次话，谁的话说的最长，那一段说的最长，可以分为几个层次，不能只是粗疏的看过，应注意通过语言表现出来的细节，注意说话前有没有代表说话是的动作和表情的词等。(生自由回答：)。
宝钗。
1、宝钗道：“这里走的几个太医虽都还好，只是你吃他们的药总不见效，不如再请一个高明的人来瞧一瞧，治好了岂不好？每年间闹一春一夏，又不老又不小，成什么？不是个常法。”
明确：宝钗原为探病而来，两人说话自然先从病说起。妙就妙在宝钗说病并不先言病症，再说病因，以显示自己的才智；而是先从关心黛玉的身体(你吃他们的药总不见效)、体贴黛玉的处境(每年间闹一春一夏，又不老又不小，成什么)出发，提议再请一个高明的人来瞧一瞧。这番话语自然极易入耳入心。有了这番铺垫，下面的关于药方、饮食的建议，也就更加显出了情真意切。
2、宝钗道：“这个药方当中人参和肉桂略显多了。”
明确：首先真正的关心体现在药方我都仔细看了，同时里面多什么少什么我很清楚我要告诉你这是一种真正的关心，同时也表达出宝钗的渊博的学识。
3、宝钗笑道:“将来也不过多费得一副嫁妆罢了，如今也愁不到这里。”
明确：宝钗可是主动跟黛玉开玩笑。黛玉这个人是不能轻易开玩笑的，很可能一个小小的玩笑能让她苦上半天的，可是平时说好很注意的宝钗在这个地方却和黛玉开了以个很有趣的玩笑，体现两个人的'关系确实是拉近了。宝钗情真意切的关怀让黛玉心中的猜嫌涣然冰释。这番玩笑的话语正是二人心心相印、情同姐妹的反映。
4、通过宝钗说“我在这里一日，我与你消遣一日”等。
明确：这是怎样的一种友情啊，如果开头说这样的话，我们觉得宝钗可能有点虚假，但是当她们情感逐步拉近的时候再说出这样的话来，我们觉得宝钗这个人简直就是太会体贴人了。宝钗的这番话语字字句句情真意切，关爱体贴之情溢于言外，将宝钗的细心、善解人意完全表现出来。
黛玉。
我们知道黛玉这个人啊平时很少跟人长篇大论的交谈，毕竟她是一个比较自闭自守的人，但是在这段对话中我们发现最长的一段话是谁说的呢，黛玉。
师问7：黛玉最长的一段话有几个层次呢？
明确：至少有三层：1、自责2、赞美3、袒露内心的痛楚、身世的孤苦。
师适时点评引导：1、黛玉在这里有点自我批评，有点自责。
师问8：那一句体现了自责了？（生自由回答：）。
老师适时点评引导：黛玉是一个多么清高的人啊，她怎么可能在这么短短的几句话当中责备自己四次呢？他为什么责备自己，她面对谁来责备自己，她面对宝钗啊。因为她误会了宝钗。
师问9：我们如果仔细的话会看到，除了她对自己的自责之外，实际上还有对宝钗的夸奖。文章是怎么说的呢？（生自由回答）。
老师适时点评引导：大家看到了实际上黛玉说的这短短的一段话包含这对宝钗的几次夸赞，同时还包含这对自己孤苦身世的叙述,黛玉的身世是很孤苦的，她是不轻易和别人说的。因为她的性格有封闭、有保守、有一种自我保护，她不愿意向别人袒露心扉，但是在这个时候却向宝钗把自己所有的痛苦全部呈现出来。那么这个地方就体现出黛玉的的确确是被宝钗的真情所感化了，她在这个地方找到了真正的朋友，找到了真正的友情,才使得黛玉能够坦诚地敞开心扉。
小结：通过对以上分析，我们看以感受到人物个性化语言的魅力了，在选文中我们可以看出黛玉的语言没有了其他地方所体现出来的那种尖酸刻薄，而更多的是那种坦诚、一种自责，一种温情脉脉的倾诉内心。宝钗在这里也没有了往日的那种圆滑，城府，虚假，取而代之的是那种细心，真挚姐姐般的关心话语。正是由于她们二人的这种情真意切的语言才使得双方各自敞开心扉，冰释前嫌。
师问10：不知道大家在阅读过程中有没有注意到这样一个细节，有没有看到黛玉说了七次话宝钗说了七次话，她们每一次说话的表情和动作是不是一样的呢？(生自由回答：)。
老师适时点评引导：道、叹道、笑道、忙笑道。从叹到笑不也表现一种情感的拉近，心灵的贴近吗！
板书：厌烦--叹息--笑--诚邀。
关心--赞美--自责--敞开心扉。
在这样的脉络发展当中两位女主人公她们的心灵逐渐的贴近，正体现了我们这段选文所取的名字“情真意切释猜嫌”。正是由于这两个人的真心相待，真诚实意猜嫌才能够被化解的。
师问11：那么读到这里我想我们同学是可以总结一下在这段文章当中宝钗和黛玉分别表现出怎样的性格特点。(生自由回答：)。
老师适时点评引导：黛玉已经完全敞开心扉，对宝钗的她的态度，她的性格是率真坦诚的，没有一点尖酸刻薄的味道，跟平时大家对她的印象完全不同。作为宝钗也是一样，她平时也不肯多说一句话生怕做错了什么事情，因为这个人是城府较深的人，相对于黛玉而言她显得成熟稳重得多，但是在这个时候她甚至主动和黛玉开玩笑。这个人物的体贴，善良不也体现的出来了吗！所以，黛玉在这里体现的性格特征是真诚坦率；宝钗在这里体现出来的是善良体贴。
板书：黛玉：真诚坦率宝钗：善良体贴。
正是由于她们这样一种人情美人性美使得对方的心理防线彻底被化解了。
老师总结梳理全文明确小说阅读方法：经过刚才的阅读我们看到了文章表现出黛玉生病时所体现出的处境与心境，这也就是我们说的环境；同时我们共同梳理了文章体现出来的脉络，这也就是我们所说的情节；那么性格特征是谁身上的呢，是人物。
这样我们就可以总结出阅读小说的一般方法。
1、了解故事发生的背景。因为背景是人物生活和情节推进的一个基础。
2、理清情节发展的脉络和过程，因为情节是人物性格的成长历史。
3、分析人物的性格特征。因为人物是小说的核心。
只有当我们懂得阅读小说的方法之后，我们以后在阅读其他小说的时候才能事半功倍。
三、布置作业：
从这篇文章中我们了解到黛玉和宝钗身上含有的那种人性美，但是做为红学研究的第一大公案来说，历来研究家们对于黛玉和宝钗的性格可以说是众说纷纭的：
1、黛玉真而宝钗伪，黛玉直而宝钗曲，黛玉亲而宝钗疏，黛玉热而宝钗冷。
2、黛玉一味痴情，心地偏窄，德固不美，只有文墨之才；宝钗却是有德有才。
3、谈恋爱自盼黛玉，找妻子还须宝钗；掉眼泪自为黛玉，鼓掌喝彩还向宝钗。
4、黛钗是“双峰并峙，二水合流”，她们名虽两个，实为一身。
在座的同学们心中肯定也自有一个黛玉和宝钗，一千个人也有一千部红楼梦，我们去阅读红楼梦，去走进红楼这个无尽宝藏的时候，我们会发现其实红楼还有很多的谜需要我们的同学去化解去探索，所以为了有助于大家理解红楼理解红楼当中的人物，去破解红楼当中的诸多谜团，我们教材的编著为我们推荐了一些书目，在此我们再向同学们推荐几本书：
李隆堵酆炻ッ--历史文化的全息图像》高阳《红楼一家言》。
张爱玲《红楼梦魇》梅新林《红楼梦哲学精神目录》。
另外同学们在阅读红楼时可以注意留心这几个章节8、19、27、32、45、63。
当然我们读过之后还得表现出一点心得，所以给大家留一个小作业：
请大家以“我眼中的黛玉/宝钗”为题写一篇文章。
今天我们共同学习了红楼梦的选读，尝一脔肉,而知一镬之味，那么大家也需要在今后的阅读当中认真的去体悟，认真的去把握，认真的把自己的心和作者的心贴近，同人物的心贴近，只有这样我们的同学才能真正把红楼的味道，把很多作品的味道读出来。
蔡锦辉。
高三课件(篇10)
Reading:
Warming up
Look at the pictures and match each flower with its correct name
Which flower is your favorite? Explain why.
Pre-reading
Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science?
His system of grouping plants in families was unique, which based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers.
While-reading
Fast reading
How many people are mentioned in the passage?
Carl Linnaeus Daniel Solander Joseph Banks Captain Cook
Careful reading
1. Before Linnaeus botany was ________．D
A．studied by doctors B．unknown to anyone C．fully developed D．a branch of medicine
2. Some economic species plants such as____ could help to develop local economies．C
A．rose and peony B．tea and apple C．cocoa and hemp D．Cocoa and lemon
3. It was ____ who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research．A
A．Joseph Banks B．Captain Cook C．Linnaeus D． Daniel Solander
4.Paragraph one of the text mainly tells us ___ ．C
A．the importance of botany B．how to classify plant species into groups
C．Linnaeus’contribution to botany D．Linnaeus’discoveries about different species
5.Captain Cook made ___voyages altogether around the world. C
A．one B．Two C．Three D.four
Post-reading
1. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?
Some scientists classified plants into herbs and trees, or according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not.
2. What were the goals of James Cook’s first voyage around the world?
To study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun; to record, classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip; to search for an unknown southern continent.
3. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition?
Because the government would not pay for such a new field of science as botany.
4. What could be a possible explanation for the name “strawberry”?
When people plant strawberry, they spread straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.
Integrating skills
Scanning
Find out the important people mentioned in the text.
Charles Darwin From England Gregor Mendel From Austria
Gote Turesson From Sweden
Choose the best answers according to the passage
1. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that_ . C
A. genetics is more important than the environment to plants
B. genetics is less important than the environment to plants
C. both genetics and the environment are important to plants
D. neither genetics nor the environment is important to plants
2. Darwin observed that the birds with _ _ would eat_ . B
A. small beaks l hard seeds B．broad beaks；hard seeds
C. hard beaks；hard seeds D．broad beaks；soft seeds
3.Darwin joined the scientific expedition on _____ ． C
A. the Endeavour B.Tahiti C．the Beagle D．space
4. Scientists of the nineteenth century believed that . D
A．the development of new species was behind the influence of the environment
B．the development of new species and the influence of the environment were hand in hand
C．the development of new species had nothing to do with the influence of the environment
D the influence of the environment was behind the development of new species .
5. Darwin studied physics，chemistry and botany because_________ . B
A．he was invited to join scientific expedition
B．he was interested in them
C．he could do a lot Of experiments
D．he wanted to finish his book“On the Origin of Species”
Fill in the following blanks
Scientist
Research/experiment
Result
Charles Darwin
The wild life of Galapagos, many varieties of garden roses
There were differences between the species of the different islands’yet all showed a clear relationship with those of America’ differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.
Gregor Mendel
Flowers and peas
Many characteristics were passed on from one generation to the next, without influence by the environment. His research gave birth to the science of genetics.
Gote Turesson
A wild plant found on the Swedish west coast
Found evidence for the existence of stable varieties within species in nature. He showed that differences between plants of one species occurred as a result of the environmental conditions in their habitat.
The text can be divided into four parts
Part I Pa1-3: Darwin and his research.
Part II Pa4-5: Mendel and his experiment.
Part III Pa6: Turesson and his study
Part IV Pa7: the importance and significance of the research of the three.
Important sentences in the passage
1. It was Darwin’s visit on the Beagle to the Galapagos Isles that gave him the key to his new theory.
2. Back home, in England, Darwin realized that differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds as well as in plants.
3. As a result of Darwin and Mendel’s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that that influence of the environment was behind the development of new species.
4. It would take a next generation of scientists to bring the importance of the environment on species back in view.
Translate the following phrases into English:
详细地 in detail 处于支配的地位，负责 in charge of
由……负责 in the charge of 任命某人为……appoint sb. as
将……分类成classify…into… 计算……之间的距离 calculate the distance between…
一代一代传下去pass on from one generation to the next 建于…；以…为基础be based on
参与; 陷入 ……的活动be involved in 根据;视……而定；按照according to
搜索；寻找 search for 总而言之 altogether
match…with （在品质；颜色；设计等方面）相等，相当，相配
at the age of 在……岁时 look out for 警惕;留心;守侯
on a large scale 大规模地;大范围地 year after year 年年;年复一年
pass away 逝世 name…after 给……取名;命名
take care of 关心;照顾 classify…into 分类;归类
develop a lifelong friendship with 与……结存了终生好朋友 born into 出生
have an appetite for knowledge 有求知欲 a great deal of 大量;许多(用于不可数名词)
lie in 在于 related to 与……有关
the key to 关键是(在于) adapt to 适应于
be sunken into 堕入 a bunch of flowers
at first sight lead a cosy life
make two more voyages be involved in
lead sb. to do sth. calculate the distance between
pass on from on generation to the next form the belief
in view adapt to the new environment
Unit 5 Getting the message
Reading:
Look at the pictures on page37 and fill in the chart
Items
Ad 1
Ad 2
Ad 3
The products they persuade you to buy
Advanced electronic roducts
Shampoo
Soft drinks
How to persuade
By using abstract design, slogan and pictures
By using wonderful pictures ,slogan and realistic products
By using wonderful pictures, slogan and products
The message each ad gives
High quality,
Help customers to succeed
Create beauty,bring happiness and love to customers
Help athletes to refresh themselves.
How is the information conveyed
Pictures, slogan, spokesman
Products,slogan, pictures
Pictures,slogan, products
Words related to advertising
advertise, advertisement advertiser, brand, post, spokesman, spokeswoman, designer, entertain, promote, customer, slogan, text, writer mislead, humorous, persuasive, broadcast, annoy, appeal to
Pre-reading
Collect advantages and disadvantages of advertisements from the students
Advantages Disadvantages
Provide information Mislead customers
Increase sales Give false or incorrect information
Make the public aware of social problem Raise the price of products
…
1.the first form of advertising : in Greece and Egypt around 1500 B.C.
2.the first printed advertisement: in London 1477
3.the first commercials on radio: about 1920
4.the first commercial on TV: after World War 2
Reading Find out the main idea for each paragraph
Pa1: Ads are found almost everywhere
Pa2: People react to advertisements in different ways.
Pa3: The basic principle of advertisements is to influence customers’ choices.
Pa4: Ads help companies and customers n a variety of ways.
Pa5: the most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.
Pa6: Governments and other organizations use ads to make people aware of government policies and social problems.
Pa7: Customers should be careful of illegal ads.
Pa8: Customers should learn to protect themselves from false ads and make smart choices.
Answer the following questions
Fast reading
1.What is people’s reaction to ads.? P2
2.What is the basic principle of advertising? P3
3.What is the most important function of ads? P5
4.what’s the advantage of good ads? P8
Careful reading
1.Why is advertising popular?
2.How does advertising help consumers and companies?
3.What is the basic principle behind advertisements?
4.Why do advertisers often have to work hard to attract people’s attention?
5.What is a “bait-and-switch” a?
6.How can we protect ourselves from misleading ads?
Choose the best answers:
1.The word “advertising” means to make a product known to . D
A managers through broadcast B leaders by radios
C firms by printed notices D people in various ways.
2.One advantage of advertising is that it helps . A
A increase product sales B make a product more expensive
C increase production D reduce the costs of a product
3.Advertising is a highly developed . B
A information B industry C trade D science
4.The development of radio, television, cinema, magazines and newspapers has with the development of advertising. B
A followed up B gone hand in hand C gone behind D taken place
5. The best chance to reach customers is to . C
A sell them the product B sell them what money can not buy: love, happiness and success.
C appeal to their emotions D reduce the price of the products.
6．The development of media has gone hand hand the development of advertising. C
A. by; by B. by; with C. in; with D. in; by
8.People react to advertisements in different ways.Because . 答案：A
A. ads are useful and entertaining to some people while annoying to others
B. ads are useful and entertaining C. ads are annoying
D.ads are not only useful and entertaining but annoying
9.When we buy an expensive product, can help us make the right decision. 答案：B
A. sellers B. ads C. our friends D. defenders
10.“Not all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits” means . 答案：D
A. all ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
B. few ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
C. no ads are used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
D. all ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits
11.In order not to become easy target for ad makers, we must . 答案：A
A. distinguish between fiction and facts B. watch TV more often
C. believe all the ads D. never believe any ads
12.The best chance to reach customers for the advertisers is to . 答案：A
A. appeal to their emotions B. make interesting pictures
C. give customers proper prices D. send messages to customers
13.Paragraph 4 is mainly about . 答案：C
A. ads must increase the production B. ads must reduce the price of the production
C. ads must help companies and customers D. ads must make a product more expensive
14.Which sentence tells us the main idea of Paragraph 5? 答案：C
A. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the prices of the products.
B. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the types of the products.
C. The most important function of advertising is to introduce new products.
D. The most important function of advertising is to introduce the company where the products come from.
15.Why is advertising popular? 答案：C
A. Because ads are found in newspapers. B. Because ads are found on the Internet.
C. Because ads are found on TV. D. Because ads are found everywhere.
16.We can infer from the last sentence of the text that . 答案：C
A. we must learn to believe ads B. we must learn to accept ads
C. we must learn to analyse ads D. we must learn to accuse ads
T or F
1.People react to advertisements in different ways.( )
2.The basic principle of advertising is fairly difficult.( )
3.Since an increase in sales means an increase in production, the price may be increased, too. ( )
4.Truthful ads provide good information that helps customers to decide whether they want or need the advertised product.( )
5.Perhaps the most important function of advertising is to increase a company’s profits. ( )
6.By using the techniques developed by the advertising industry, governments and other non-profit organizations can spread knowledge, change attitudes and improve society.( )
7.All ads are not used to promote a product or to increase a company’s profits.( )
Difficult sentences
1.The development of radio ,television and other media has gone hand in hand with the development.
2.Customers see so many ads every day that advertisers must work hard to get their message across.
3.The best chance to reach customers is to appeal to their emotions.
4.First of all ,we should always keep an eye out for “hidden information”.
Integrating skills
Fill in the blanks for the revision
Advertising is a highly developed industry. It has gone hand in hand with radio, television and other media.
People react to ads in different ways. Some think ads are useful and help consumers
make informed choices while others accuse companies of using ads to mislead us. Companies can influence customers’ choices by introducing a brand name and by associating products with customers’ needs. There are so many ads for customers that advertisers must try to get their message across by appealing to their emotions.
Ads help companies and customers in all kinds of ways. They can help companies increase sales . At the same time , they help customers choose among all the available products. In fact, truthful ads provide good information,and help customers compare feathers, functions and costs. Some governments name a famous person as their spokesman or spokeswoman to make people aware
of their social problems and policies.
Customers should protect themselves by keeping an eye out for bad ads, telling false information from real facts and making good choices.
II Lead-in
1 what product do they persuade you to buy?
2 what information about product can you get?
3 How is the information conveyed?
4 What are the skills of making good ads?
III Reading
1 How do the ad-makers create a positive image of the product they are promoting?
2 How do ad-makers choose a name for the product?
3 What kind of slogans should be used to make the consumers to form a positive image? Can you give an example?
4 How are the ads presented ?
How to create a positive image of the product
Choose the words and brand names A good slogan
1 tell the consumer about 1 should be catchy
the advantages of the product 2 easy to remember
2 choose a funny name 3 convey a message
3 use a well-known word
4 choose names from old stories
5 invent a new word
Ads are started with a puzzle or question
And presented in a humorous way
in order to 为的是;目的在于 take …into consideration 考虑某事物
compare…with…把……与……比较(对比) complain about 对某人与某物抱怨
in charge of… 负责;处于控制或支配的地位 hand in hand 手拉手;密切关联的
with the develop of 随着……发展 on the other hand 另一方面
get… across 传播或为人理解 instead of 代替(后面接名词代词动名词或介词短语)
appeal to 呼吁;上诉;投合(兴趣或心愿) armed with用…… 做准备;备有
make sb. aware of 使人明白;觉察;意识到 keep an eye out for留心或注意到某人或某事物
protect…from… 防护而不受 at the right time 在恰当的时候
point out to (向某人)指出;使注意 make sense 有意义;有道理;讲得通
accuse…of… 指责;控告 attach to 系;贴;固定;附着
differ from 不同于 attach importance to 给予重视
start with 以 开始 with the purpose of 以 为目的
point out 指出 refer to 指/参考
think twice 慎重考虑 large amounts of money
make good choices out of ten
take a critical attitude towards advertisements with the purpose of
a series of at a loss
profit by / from
Unit 6
Reading
Lead-in and Pre-reading
1． Who the Native Americans were? Where did they live and what do you know about their life?
The Native Americans were the Indian. They lived in the vast land of West America and their life was simple and hard. They hunt for food and rode on horses.
2. History counts many cases in which settlers moved into areas that belonged to other people. Can you give some examples? What happened?
The American continents were peopled as a result of two long-continuing immigration movements, the first from Asia, and the second from Europe and Africa. The first movement began probably 25, 000 years ago when Siberian tribes, in search of new hunting grounds or of refuge from pursuing enemies, crossed over the Bering Strait to Alaska. By 1492, over 10-20 million people, mistakenly called Indians by Christopher Columbus, inhabited the Americans. They developed their own aboriginal cultures, which ranged from the simple to the complex, from those of the primitive tribes to the brilliant civilizations of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas. The second migration to the Americas began with the expansion of Europe at the start of the modern period from the 16th century.
3. The new settlements in America soon became known as the Wild West. Why?
Because the western states of the US during the years were settled by the first Europeans. There was not much respect for the law there.
Read the text then answer some questions.
1 When did we decide to move to another place? 1845,10
2 How long did the journey last? About a year
3 What is our first destination? India Greek in Kansas
4．What does “account” in the first line means?
The “account” here means description. For example, “She gave the police a full account of the incident.”
5. In paragraph two, the author mentioned Indian Greek. Where was it and was it very important?
It was in Kansas. It was the frontier at that time and also the meeting place for people moving to the west.
6. Do you know what difficulties they ran into during the journey?
They entered the desert and lost their way, and didn’t have enough water to drink. Their animals died from lack of water.
7. According to the fourth paragraph, why do people call the desert Death Valley?
People showed coldness and were not willing to help others in trouble. They abandoned everything they could. Valley is in chaos and full of dead animals. Therefore, we called it Death Valley.
8. Is the journey hard? Can you make some examples about it?
Yes, it is hard. You can make many examples.
9. What is the theme of this passage?
If you make unremitting efforts, you will achieve your goals. Don’t give up before difficulties.
Listening
Listen to the tape carefully then do these exercises.
Post-reading
Exercise1. True or False
1 We traveled alone. (F with many other families)
2．When a young man in our group suggested that I stay behind with the children and wait for help, I agreed. (F I didn’t agree.)
3. When the animals smelt the water, they all ran.
Exercise 2
Choose the best answers
1.The reason why my father wanted to go to California is that . 答案：C
A. California was in desert B. California was far away
C. California was a wonderful land described in a book
D. California was the largest state in the USA
2.People moving to the west would meet in . 答案：A
A. Kansas B. California C. Salt Lake Valley D. Salt Lake Desert
3.On which day did the author enter the Salt Lake Desert? 答案：B
A. April 12. B. November 4. C. October 15. D. December 25.
4.Why did the travelers call their ninety-mile drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “Long Drive”? 答案：D
A Because the landscape was dry and barren. B. Because water was salty and not drinkable.
C. Because their water supply was so low. D. All of the above.
5.After the travelers burnt their wagons, they had to go on their feet with another miles to go. B
A.2 500 B.500 C.90 D.45
6.Why didn’t the author stay behind with the children and wait for help? A
A. Because that meant he/she would die.
B. Because he/she knew that children were tiresome.
C. Because he/she knew that there was a wagon waiting for him/her.
D. Because he/she felt he/she could get a prize by his/her father.
7.The animals almost ran when the travelers reached the edge of the desert, why? 答案：C
A. Because they were tired and weak. B. Because they had no burden.
C. Because they must have smelt the water. D. Because they went back to their home.
8.How long did the author spend finishing the journey? 答案：A
A. More than 40 months. B. About 2 months.
C. About a year. D. About a year and a month.
9.From the text, we can infer . 答案：D
A. the author and the travelers had to go all day and all night long
B. there was no oxen left when the travelers reached California
C. many travelers died when their days of hardship came to an end
D .it’s a long way to travel from the author’s hometown to California
10.The best title of the text is . 答案：B
A.A Journey To California B. Long Drive
C. The Salt Lake Desert D. Enjoy Your Life
Questions:
1 Where in the text do you find evidence that the wagons were not he most suitable means of transport? You can find your answers in paragraph 3.
2 Why did the travelers call their ninety mile-drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “long drive”?
We had to travel long without water or grass for the animals to eat. It was hard.
3 What can you learn from this reading passage? What impresses you most?
1)After suffering from many difficulties, we can live a better life. Facing the hardship, never give up, etc.
2)The courage of the people impresses me most.
Passage analysis
1. What the writing techniques of this text are?
A. Use of the chronological order to narrate the story.
B. Use many participles to make the text readable and concise.
C. The landscape of the Salt Lake Valley sharply contrasts with that of the Salt Lake Desert. The scenery of the Salt Lake Valley is very beautiful, however, that of the Salt Lake Desert is dry and barren. Use the sharp contrastive scenery, expressing the hero’s optimism about the life that he dreamed of in the West and coming across the difficulties on the way to the West.
2. What is the writing style of the text?
The text is a narrative writing, which related a story that the hero’s family and other many families moved to the West. They ran into many difficulties on the way to the West. Finally they got to the West and started a new life. The text, which uses the first person to relate the hero’s true experiences, gives us a vivid description.
3.What is the main idea of the text?
The text related a story that the hero’s family and other many families moving to the West. They ran into many difficulties on the way to the West. Finally they got to the West and started a new life. When they came across the problems, they didn’t escape them. However, they faced reality and solved the problems. They insisted on and made unremitting efforts, so they made their dream come true. Moreover, An iron pestle can be ground down to a needle - perseverance will prevail.
4. What’s the purpose of the writer?
The writer wanted to tell us “When one comes across the problems, one shouldn’t escape them. However, he should learn to face reality and solve the problems. As long as he overcomes the difficulties and never gives up, he will achieve his goals and succeed. Moreover, he has dreams in his heart. As long as he insists on and makes unremitting efforts, I believe he will make his dreams come true some day. In fact, life itself is a battle. Natural environment and nature are your enemies. If you defeat them, you can live in the world, or it is death that is waiting for you.”
5. What can we learn from this text?
We learned that during our lifetime, we may run into many difficulties. When we come across the problems, we shouldn’t try to escape. Instead, we should learn to face reality and solve the problems. As long as we overcome the difficulties and never give up, we will achieve our goals and succeed. Moreover, we all have dreams in our heart. As long as we insist on and make unremitting efforts, we will make our dreams come true one day.
Integrating skills
Lead-in
What did he describe in the novel The Call of Wild by Jack London? And where did the story happen?
This story happened in Alaska, a far and cold land. It described the life of a dog named Buck as well as other dogs’ encounter.
Reading
1. Who do you think the three persons are? What are they talking about?
I think Mr. Rivers is the host of a program. I guess Mr. Parks is a historian or something else. Ms. Welch is the granddaughter of Dr Welch. And Dr Welch was a doctor of a small city called Nome.
2. Where did the story happen? And what happened to the children?
The story happened in a small city called Nome. Some children in the city had a terrible disease and they would die if they couldn’t get enough vaccine.
3. Where could they get the vaccine that would save the children?
A hospital in Anchorage had a good supply of vaccine. It was far away from Nome.
4. What difficulties did they meet on the way and how did they overcome them?
They faced many difficulties. First, the time was limited. The children would die if their treatment was delayed too long. Second, at that time, the sea was frozen and the only two planes had been stored, nothing got to Nome quickly. Third, The Arctic winter was very cold and there were terrible storms.
Difficulties with the medicine delivery
Their attitudes and solutions
Traffic problems: The sea frozen; the only two planes stored; no quick traffic
A train took the medicine from Anchorage to Nenana; A relay of dog teams between Nenana and Nome
Snow storms and low temperature
Kept going without stop
Time limitation
Covered almost 700 miles in little more than 127 hours
Post-reading
Questions on P53 and P54.
Suggested answers:
1. Flu and diphtheria
2. As we all know, SARS spread through the world in . SARS is short for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
3. Dr Welch could save the children if he could get enough vaccine as quickly as possible.
4. Relay is an act of passing something along from one person, group, or station to another. We have relay race in sports, and torch relay.
5. A relay of dog sleds was chosen as the best transportation because in 1925, nothing got to Nome quickly, the sea was frozen, and the only two planes had been stored.
Phrases
believe in 信任;信耐 stand for 代表;代替
adapt to 适宜 lose heart 灰心;泄气
be cast away (被)抛弃 give up 放弃
less than 少于;不足 set off for 开始(旅程;赛跑);出发
move on 继续前进 take the way 出发;首途
lose one’s way 迷路 hang out 伸出
in desperate need of 在极度需要的(时候) on our feet=on foot 步行
be accustomed to doing sth. (通常用于被动语态)习惯于 suffer from 患病;遭受……之苦
hurry on to (with) 赶紧办理;急急忙忙地去做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做某事
start doing sth. 开始做某事 go on all fours 用四肢
(at)the edge of of (在)……边缘 stare at 瞪视; 凝视
come to an end 结束;终止 a race against time 与时间赛跑
save…from 挽救……免于 take up to 占用(时间;空间)
at stake 在危险中;关系重大 risk one’s life to 冒险去做某事
apply…to… 运用;应用 add up (两个或两个以上的数量或量)加起来
take it easy 别紧张;放松点 keep up 维持;保持;使某事处于高水平
common sense 常识;情理 leave behind 忘带;留下
live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存 tie up 系;拴;捆
go for 为……去;努力获取 be more of a leader than a follower
be honest with by day / by night
pass through be on one’s feet
be accustomed to in anxiety of
reach the promised land come to an end
a relay of dog teams take up to 13 days
高三课件(篇11)
1、知识与技能：通过复习回顾，加深对酸碱化学知识的理解，能灵活运用所学知识解决问题，将所学知识在头脑中进行有效的组织。
2、过程与方法：在复习过程中总结出解题的思想套路，掌握学习的一些规律。
3、情感态度与价值观：提高学生分析问题及通过实验探究解决问题的能力，并培养学生总结和归纳能力。
例（1）物质X可发生下列所示的两个反应，则X可能是①X+碱→盐+水
从最简单的选择题入手，先巩固学生利用所整理出来的知识来直接套用，形成最简单的解题思路框架
例（2）如图如示，若将稀H2SO4比作初三学生在“应急演练”中，要从楼顶入口处由上至下疏散到出口处，各层都有三道门（空白处为通道），稀硫酸要在每层中至少打开一道门（即能与稀硫酸反应的物质）才能到达出口处，请根据图示回答以下问题．
①若按“距离最短”的原则疏散，则其疏散路线由上至下依次为（填化学式）进口→ →出口．若按“速度最快”（化学反应速度最快）的原则疏散，则应将上述疏散路线中第五层改为（填化学式），所有楼层中能与稀硫酸反应的物质共有种．
②写出疏散路线上经过第三层时的物质与二氧化碳发生反应的化学反应方程式：．
若将稀硫酸改为稀盐酸则无法通过第层．
解题指引：
(4).注意题干要求“距离最短”
设计意图：
从填空题出发，说明该部分知识出题方向的多样性。也把知识点透过图表来考查分析，吻合中考命题方向，也适时培养学生获取信息的能力。另外，也把学科内、学科间的知识进行综合考查，培养学生的综合素养。
例（3）如图以稀硫酸例的反应关系体现了酸的化学性质，其中的X与图中所给物质的类别不同．结合此图回答下列问题：
（Ⅰ）稀硫酸中阳离子的符号是；
（Ⅱ）反应①中石蕊溶液变为色；
（Ⅲ）反应②的化学方程式为；
（Ⅳ）图中只生成盐和水的反应包括填序号）；
（Ⅴ）若X溶液既能跟稀硫酸反应，又能跟Ca（OH）2反应，则X可能是（BaCl2、CuSO4、
Na2CO3）中的．
设计意图：
综合考查酸的性质，通过图形串连出酸的通性，也更进一步巩固知识的套用思路
设计意图：
从做题经验中总结出解题的一般规律，给予学生解题方法，将活的知识死用，也突破知识难点，理清解题思路，提高应试能力。
设计意图：
通过习题适时检查学生对知识的掌握情况，也能透过题目将知识综合起来。练讲过程中及时查漏补缺，及时巩固知识。
设计意图：
强化基础，强化训练，加深题型外延，使知识更加牢固。
关于本部分内容的复习，我认为学生已对酸碱的概念有一定的认识，在这个基础上展开复习。先是判断物质的类别，再分析其通性，再直接套用，从例题到习题的评讲与练习过程，我发现大部分学生对这种解题模式已经是得心应手，也解决了学生面对酸碱盐这一大知识板块就产生恐惧心理。
但本课题学习的一个障碍点就是，有少部分学生对酸碱的概念认识模糊，无法判断物质所属类别，导致无法使用解题框架。
通过这几年的教学经验总结，我认为对于化学教学要把握好两个趋势。第一，对于零散的知识点的教学要做到勤抓、勤练，这样，学生才能巩固好基础。第二，对于有难点的知识板块，作为教师要用经验总结出解题思想套路，学生就会感觉做起来得心应手，在每种题型中驾驭自如。另外，把难点知识简单化，公式化，这样也就解决学生的应试恐惧心理。针对本节课教学过程所出现的一些情况，我认为在今后的教学过程中，还必须强化酸碱的概念教学，这样才能为本节课打下基础，为解题框架的确立找对方向。