一、书信的格式
书信包括三个内容，即称呼、主体部分和署名。 称呼——开头段（2句） 主体部分——（8—10句）
信末礼貌语和署名——结尾段（2句） 1、称呼：有三种方法。
A、如果收信人是企业、团体、或机构，不知道收信人的名字和性别，那么就用Dear Sir or Madam，或者To whom it may concern；
B、如果收信人是一个认识的人（知道这个人的性别和姓名），但是这个人并不是熟悉或者亲密的朋友，那么一般用Dear Mr. or Ms. + 收信人的姓，比如Dear Mr. Smith 等。
C、如果收信人是自己熟悉的朋友，那么一般用Dear + 收信人的名，例如Dear John.
2、主体部分
信件内容分为：投诉信、询问信、建议信、求助信、道歉/解释信、感谢信、邀请信和求职信。根据信的内容不一样，语气也要有所不同。另外，还要注意使用的语言。如果是给熟悉的朋友写信，要使用比较随意的语言。但是如果是正式的商业信件，那么一定要使用正式的语言。
3、信末的礼貌语和署名
A、如果写解释信，常用yours faithfully， yours truly； B、其他时候，一般用yours sincerely，这是最常见的用语； C、如果写给很好的朋友，一般用yours，with love and best wishes，lots of love等。
D、签名可以随便写，不一定要写真名。
二、书信的分类 1、投诉信
A、具体描述当时的情形，譬如说人物、时间、地点和原因； B、指出具体的原因；
C、概括说明问题所产生的后果；
D、指出并支持自己的一个特定要求；
E、清晰说明读信的人可以做什么来补救自己目前的局面； F、建议解决方法并指明解决的时间限制；
G、未必一定要使用激烈的言辞，最好使用比较礼貌的用语。
2、咨询信
A、指明你所需要的信息；
B、指明你为什么需要这些信息； C、指明你什么时候需要信息；
D、避免语意含糊不清和泛泛而谈； E、要求对方迅速回复的时候要礼貌。
3、求助信
A、阐述你所需要的帮助； B、支持你自己的要求；
C、说服读信的人答复并同意你的要求； D、提出对帮助的答谢，譬如说金钱； E、说明时间期限。
4、道歉信
A、对错误提出解释，并提出有力的观点和侧重事实； B、避免归咎其他人； C、提出解决方法；
D、考虑收信人的情绪； E、建立信用和信任；
F、用词和语气要礼貌体贴。
5、建议信 / 提供信息信 A、详细地提供建议； B、根据要求提供信息； C、强调所有重要事项；
D、将重要的建议防在首位；
E、表达自己愿意提供进一步的帮助。
6、邀请信
A、大概描述活动或者计划的内容； B、指定被邀请参加的人； C、指定时期、地址和时间；
D、如果恰当的话，清楚地说明对着装的要求； E、设定要求对方回信的日期。
7、感谢信
A、表示谢意；
B、强调所获得支持的重要性； C、维持和收信人的关系。
8、求职信
A、明确指出自己为什么对该工作感兴趣； B、使信件内容符合工作的特点； C、准确回应雇主的要求；
D、强调相关的细节信息，譬如说教育背景、工作经验和个人才能； E、争取做到简洁和清晰； F、信件要带有个人特色； G、留下地址和名字。
三、书信的常用语
一、Apology Letter 词汇：
apologize to sb. for sth. 因为...向某人道歉 awfully 非常 behavior 行为 excuse 借口
failure 失败 fault 错误 forgive 原谅 ignorant 无知的
inconsiderateness 不顾及他人 inconvenience 不方便 make an apology 道歉
make up for it 弥补 misunderstanding 误解 negligent 疏忽的 offend 冒犯 overlook 忽略 regret后悔 remedy 补救 remove 消除
shoulder the responsibility 承担责任 thoughtless 欠考虑的
二、Inquiry Letter 词汇：
inquire about 咨询 seek寻求 obtain 获得
regarding, concerning 关于 provide sb with sth 提供 inform. sb. of sth.通知某人某事 convenience方便
look forward to (doing) sth.盼望... prompt / immediate 及时的
take into account of sth. / take sth. into account 考虑到... detailed详细的
essential / necessary必要的 grateful / obliged 感激的 appreciation感激
be concerned about... 对...关心 三、Job Application Letter 词汇：
a solid theory foundation坚实的理论基础 advertisement广告 all-round全面的
an intimate knowledge of熟练的知识 applicant申请人
apply for申请
be available for an interview可以参加面试 be qualified for有资格
character/personality性格，个性
contact number联系电话 competent 有能力的 diploma毕业证
expected salary期望得到的薪水 graduate (from)毕业
have a good command of对掌握熟练 interpersonal skills人际关系的技巧 meet the requirements满足要求 practical experience实践经验 qualification 资格 vacancy空缺
working experience工作经验
句型：
A、投诉信 信头： 1、I am writing to complain about a serious defect found in the computer I bought from you.
2、I am writing to notify you of a claim for damaged goods against your company.
3、I am wiring to request you to take corrective actions concerning…。 4、I am writing to express my concern/dissatisfaction about… 5、I would like o draw your attention to… 6、It has come to my attention that…
7、A very serious problem has arisen in connection with a language course you provided and operated. 信末： 1、Unless you take prompt action to correct the car's defects or refund the purchase price in full， I will be forced to take legal action.
2、I believe this is the only way to get this matter settled. 3、I will have to refer this matter to my attorney. 4、I urge you to reconsider your consideration.
5、I hope we can work something out to our mutual benefit.
6、I am sorry to write to you in this manner and I hope that you will not be offended.
7、I am sure you will understand that this problem is causing me considerable inconvenience and expense， and I am anxious to have it settled as soon as possible.
B、咨询信
1、I am writing to enquire whether I may become a member of your club. 2、I would be grateful if you could let me know your annual fee charges and any other information.
3、Please let me know as soon as possible how you propose to settle this matter.
C、求助信
1、I would like to make an appointment to speak with you about my wallet I lost on the flight BA 1234.
2、I would be grateful if you can give me some instructions.
3、I do hope you will be able to send me a favorable reply and I look forward to hearing from you in due course.
4、I hope you will consider my request favorably.
D、道歉信
1、I just wanted to write you a quick note to apologize for not being able to keep our appointment tomorrow.
2、In deference to your valuable time， I would like to get straight to the point and admit that I was wrong.
3、Please accept my apologies for…
4、Although I make every attempt to insure that…， this unfortunate incident can occasionally occur.
E、建议信 / 提供信息信 1、If I can be of any assistance in any way， please do not hesitate to call on me.
2、I am happy to supply any further information you may require and I look forward to hearing from you shortly.
3、Please contact me if I can be of any assistance.
F、感谢信
1、I just wanted to send a note to say how much I appreciate the help you have given me.
2、I am writing to thank you for permitting us to use your resources. 3、I appreciate the support you have provided and your assistance has been invaluable to me.
G、邀请信 1、Perhaps you could give us a call or write to us to let us know what time you expect to arrive.
2、I would like to invite you to join us and attend the meeting.
3、I am glad to invite you to participate in my graduation ceremony.
H、求职信
1、Further to your advertisement in yesterday's Washington Herald for a senior PA， I would be very much like to be considered for this vacancy. 2、I am writing with regard to your vacancy for a language teacher.
3、I do hope that I may be considered for the job and that you may invite me for interview in the near future.
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