1、目前有哪些植物已被全基因组测序？基因组大小各为多少，序列组成上各有何特点？（10分）
2、基因工程研究的六轮依据是什么？（10分）
3、PCR扩增常见的问题是特异性差、产物不单一，从哪几方面来改进？（10分）4、简述系谱法和混合种植法的理论依据。（10分）
5、根据群体遗传结构，作物品种可以分为哪几种类型，各类品种的育种特点是什么？（10分）二、论述题
1、在某测序水稻品种中，由T-DNA转基因插入而产生一株叶片黄化突变体，试论述多种方法与策略克隆这一叶片黄化基因？（15分）
2、多系品种的培育在植物抗病育种中有重要作用。小麦锈病是我国小麦生产中的主要病毒之一，培育抗锈小麦品种是小麦育种家的永久课题。小麦的抗锈病基因有的为显性，有的为隐性。假设你是一个小麦育种家，要在最短的时间内培育一套小麦康锈病的近等基因系，进而培育多系品种，你会怎样做？试详细说明。（15分）三、专业英语翻译（20分）
Some 10,000 years ago during the agricultural revolution, antient farmersbred hundreds of wild species into the domesticated crops on which humansare dependent today. During this process, these ancient peoples saved seedsfrom plants with favored traits to form each subsequent generation, and overtime they converted slender and unpromsing wild species into reliable,bountiful crops. Variants or mutants of genes that conferred favorablephenotype rose in frequency over time, while variantsthat best adapted plantsto life in the wild were removed by selection from the domesticatedpopulation. Foremost among the creations of ancient plant breeders are thecereals-rice, wheat and maize, a triumvirate that provides more than 50% ofthe calories consumed by humans. As compared to their progenitors, thesecereals have more and larger grains, thicker stalks, seed that threshfreelyfrom the chaff, and improved flavor. The cereals, and most other crops, shareone additional feature that is central to domestication: Their grains remain attached to the plant for harvest by produce their next generation. Although quantitive traits locus (QTL) mapping has convincingly shown that the
evolution of domestication traits such as the loss of shattering arose through a relatively small number of gene changes, the nature of these genes and the molecular changes within them is not well understood.
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