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老年患者多重用药处方精简干预临床效果的Meta分析

2022-06-15 来源:知库网
中华老年多器官疾病杂志 2019年 3 月 28 日第 18 卷第3 期 Chin J Mult Organ Dis Elderly, Vol. 18, No. 3, Mar 28 , 2019 • 161 •

•临床研究•

老年患者多重用药处方精简干预临床效果的Meta分析

李晨

\\

林欣

\"

,陈孟莉

1!

C解放军总医院药学部南楼药房,2解放军总医院国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心,北京100853)

【摘要】目的系统评价处方精简干预对老年多重用药患者临床结局的影响。方法检索数据库公开发表有关老年多重 用药患者处方精简干预及相关结局的文献。根据纳人排除标准进行筛选,采用Re*ewM.ager 5. 3软件,利用!衡量文献研 究内容的异质性,运用固定效应模型或随机效应模型合并分析处方精简干预对老年多重用药患者临床结局的影响。 结果本研究最终纳人18篇随机对照研究(RCT),文献总体质量较好。Mea分析显示,处方精简干预不能降低老年多重用

$(0. 67~1.09)]。不同干预方式比较:特异性处方精简干预在一定程度上降低全因死亡 率& 0# = 0. 68, 95%$(0. 51 ~0. 92);%<0. 05]。随访时间长短比较:随访时间较长(>6个月)相较于随访时间较短(\"6个月) 的处方精简干预在降低全因死亡率方面具有一定优势[〇# = 0.58,95%$(0.39~0.86)&〇#= 1.02,95%$(0.76~1.36); %<0. 05]。不同年龄段比较:对不同年龄段患者进行精简干预,全因死亡率没有变化[0# = 0. 63, 95%$(0.40< 1.02) & 0# = 0.95, 95%$(0.72~1.25);%>0.05]。认知状态比较:对不同认知状态患者进行精简干预,全因死亡率不发生改变 [0# = 0.63, 95%$(0.37~1.07) & 0# = 0.93, 959$ (0.71~1.22);%>0.05]。处方精简干预不能减少跌倒患者的数量 [0# = 0. 98, 95%$(0.74~1.27)],但可以显著降低年人均跌倒次数[() = -0. 11,95%$(-0.21~-0.02)],缩短患者住院时 长[()=-0. 49, 95%$(-0.76<-0.22)]。结论现有数据分析表明,处方精简干预不能降低老年多重用药患者的全因死亡

率,特异性或长时间随访的处方精简干预在降低患者全因死亡率方面有一定优势;处方精简干预不能减少跌倒患者人数但可 以减少患者跌倒次数;处方精简干预有缩短住院时长的趋势。特异性处方精简干预在减少不适当的多重用药方面是安全可 行的。

【关键词】老年人;多重用药;处方精简;M【中图分类号】

药患者全因死亡率[〇# = 〇. 86, 95%

R969.3

ea分析

【文献标志码】A

【DOI】10. 11915/j. issn. 1671-5403. 2019. 03. 032

Impact of deprescribing interventions on clinical outcomes in the elderly

patients: a Met^-analysis

LI Chen1, LINXin2 , CHENMeng-Li1!

【Abstract】

(1 South Building Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, 2National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA GeneralHospital, Beijing 100853, China)

Objective To perform a systematic review to evaluate the impact of deprescribing interventions on the clinical outcomes

in the elderly patients with polypharmacy. Methods A thorough search was made in the databases of tlie literature related to depre­scribing interventions in the elderly patients with polypharmacy. The studies were screened according to criteria. !2 test for heterogeneity among studies was performed using Review Manager 5. 3. Fixed effect model was employed to analyze the impact of deprescribing interventions in the elderly patients with polyphastudies were selected for the final randomized controlled trials ( RCT), with overall quality of the showed that deprescribing interventions were not able to decrease all-cause mortality among elderly[\"# = 0. 86, 959$ (0. 67-1. 09)]. The comparison between different intervention methods showed that patient-specific interventions decreased all-cause mortality [\"# = 0. 68 , 959$ ( 0. 51-0. 92)]. The comparison of the follow-up length showed that long follow-up (>6 months) outperformed shorter follow-up (\"6 months) in decreasing all-cause mortality [\"# = 0.58 , 959$ (0.39-0.86) & 0R= 1. 02, 959$ ( 0. 76-1. 36); %<0. 05]. The comparison between different age groups showed no change in all-cause mortality [\"# = 0.63 , 959 $ (0.40-1.02) & \"# = 0.95 , 959$ ( 0.72-1.25); %>0.05] . The comparison of cognitive status showed that deprescribing interventions in the groups of different cognitive statuses did not alter all-cause mortality [ OR = 0. 63 , 959 $ (0. 37-1. 07) & 0R = 0. 93 , 959$ (0. 71-1. 22); %>0. 05]. Deprescribing interventions did not decrease the number of patients with falls [ OR = 0. 98 , 959$ ( 0. 74-1. 27)] but were able to significantly decrease the average falls they experienced [ MD= -0. 11,

收稿日期# 2018-12-05;接受日期:2019-01-28 基金项目:军队保健课题面上项目(16BJZ20) 通信作者:陈孟莉,

E-mail: hellolily301cn@126.com

! 162 !中华老年多器官疾病杂志 2019年 3 月 28 日第 18 卷第3 期 ChinJMult Organ D+ Elderly,Vol.18, No.&,Mar 28, 2019

95%$/ ( -0. 21 --0. 02)] and the lengtli of hosj)ital stay [ MD= -0. 49,95% $ ( -0. 76 — 0. 22)] . Conclusiondata available suggested that deprescr+Ding interventions did not decrease all-cause mortality in elderly patients witli polypharmacy,butpatient-specific or long-term follow-up seemed to have an advantage in decreasing it; that deprescribing interventions did not decrease the number of patients with falls but reduced the number of falls they experienced and the length of hospital stay. Patient-specific deprescribing interventions seem to be safe and feasible in decreasing inappropriate polypha* Key words + aged; polypharmacy; deprescribing; meta-analysis

This work was supported by General Program of Military Health Mare ( 16BJZ20).Corresponding author ( CHENMeng-Li # E-mail ( hellolily301cn@126. com

老年患者多病 患者中 有#3种疾病

,#65 老年,1/5的患者

#知网(CNKI)、万方(WanFang)数据库中使用主题词 检索文献。检索主题词包括:(1) “elderly” or 5

疾病, 多数老年患者

用药数目

#3种。 的多重用药[1]

患者症

, 疾病进展,

的多重用药

用、

件发生,据统计有约17%老年 患者人院 药 反应导致的[2]。

“处方精简” 一词于2003年被澳大利亚的

Woodward首提及[3],定义为:在医疗

或团队的监督下,重新评估使用该药物的原因及有 效性,逐

、撤回或停止

导致患者损害或患

者不再受益的药物, 的多重用药、降药 件的过程[4]。2013年英国国家卫生服务体系(National Health Service,NHS)发布第一*部 多重用药指南,在2015年进行更新并提出[4]:通过 对目标药物进行处方精简干预获得用药

管理

慢性疾病、避免或 反应和 结局的重要部分。2017年加拿大发表有关处方精简的指南主 要涉及质子泵抑制剂药物、苯二氮基类药物、抗精 神病药物和降血糖药物[5]。

Coopei•等[7]对老年患者使用特定类别药物进行 处方精简的研究进行系统综述,概括总结目前处方 精简具体的目标药物类别;2018年Thillainadesn 等[8]

处方精简干预对老年住院患者用药及临床

结局的影响,结局指标主要涉及潜 用药数及用药相关问

。目前相关研究均未从临床

直观的结局指标如全因死亡率、 反应事件

发生率等方面表明处方精简干预措施的临床可行性

及益处。笔者将通过荟萃

方法评价处方精简干

预对老年多重用药患者临床结局的影响。1

对象与方法

1.1检索策略

文献检索范围为建库(1990年)至2018年 2 ,收集已发表的处方精简干预对老年多重用药

患者临床结局的中英文文献。通过在Pubmed、Web

of Science\" SCI)、Embase、The Cochrane Library、中国

“ d”

“ h

d”

“ ” “ d ”

“aging” or “veteran” or “older adult” ;(2) “polyphar­

macy” or “ #3 种药物” or “drug” or “medication” or

“ prescri ! ”;( 3 ) “ deprescrib ! ” or “ reduc ! ” or “stop ! ” or“withdraw ! ” or “cessation” or “ceas ! ”

or “discontinu !” ;(4)文章类型选择 Clinical Trial, Controlled Clinical Trial,Multicenter Study,Pragmatic Clinical Trial, Randomized Controlled Trial ( RCT);

(5) 1 and 2 and 3 and 4。由2位研究者 对检索

文献的标题和摘要进行

纳人排除标准进

行筛选,并排除重复数据和文献,如有 ,进行讨

。纳人标准:(1)研究对象年龄#65 ,用药种类数#3种,如果纳人人群绝大多数用药种类中位 数#3种,该研究也包含在内;(2)干预措施包括特 异性处方精简及以教育为主处方精简,对 干预

护;(3)结局指标涉及全因死亡率、 ,院

问率等

临床指标;(4)研究类

型为公开发表的随机对 。排除标准:(1).

RCT研究;(2)有关 结局或 质量相关指标未使用标准化量表进行描述;(3)除中文和英文外

的相关文 。

1.2数据提取

仔细阅读文献标题、摘要进行筛选,根据纳人排 除标准 全文,确定文献

人选,并对文章质量

进行评价,

进行

提取。

提内容包括:

标题、

者、文类型、国家、干预类型、使用辅

、干预、随 、纳人人数、

结局指标、 表 1。1.3

文献质量评估方法

RCT研究根据Cochrane协作网偏倚风险评价

进行 评估,主要包括6个方,即随机方法、

、盲法、结果数据的

性、选择性 研究结果、

1。

1.4统计学处理

米用Review Manager 5. 3软件进行Meta分析。

中华老年多器官疾病杂志 2019年 3 月 28 日第 18 卷第3 期 ChinJMult Organ D+ Elderly,Vol.18, No.&,Mar 28, 2019 • 16& •

1老年多重用药患者处方精简干预纳入随机对照试验基本特征

Table 1 Characteristics of included randomized controlled trials about deprescr+Ding polypharmacy ( # 3 drugs or drug classes)

ReferenceHanlon 1996 &9'Tabloski 1998[10]Campbell 1999&11'Allard 2001[12]Weber 2008[13]Gnjidic 2010[14]Beer 2011[15]Gallagher 2011[16]Dalleur 2014[17]Gollarte 2014[18]Pitkala 2014[19]Tannenbaum 2014[20]Potter 2016[21]Wehling 2016[22]Boye 2017[23]Polinder 2016[24]Wouters 2017[25]Pazan 2018[26]ReferenceHanlon 1996[ 9]Tabloski 1998[10]

Intervention type

Pharmacist led (patient-specific)Doctor led (patient-specific)Doctor led (patient-specific)Multidisciplina1y ( patient-specific)Multidisciplina1y ( patient-specific)Multidisciplina1y ( patient-specific)Docto1led ( patient-specific)Doctor led (patient-specific)

Multidisciplina1y ( patient-specific)Education to nursing home physiciansEducation to nursing home physiciansEducation to communityDoctor led (patient-specific)Doctor led (patient-specific)Doctor led (patient-specific)Doctor led (patient-specific)Nurse led (patient-specific)Doctor led (patient-specific)Follow-up Number of duration participants ( monthG)enrolled122071:520

Tool to identify targetsMAI

Pre-specified list of target medicationsBenzodiazepine, hypnotic or antidepressantList of potentially inappropriate medicationsNo identification method tool specifiedDBI

Pre-specified list of target medicationsSTOPPSTOPPSTOPPBeer

Benzodiazepine use

Modified Good Palliation-Good Practice toolFORTA-guided treatment

Pre-specified list of target medications (complete list of FRIDs)

Pre-specified list of target medications (complete list of FRIDs)START, Beer

FORTA-guided treatment

DementiaNoNP

Outcome

CountryUSAUSANew ZealandCanadaUSAAustraliaAustraliaIrelandBelgiumSpainFinlandCanadaAustraliaGermanyNetherlandsNetherlandsNetherlandsGermany

SettingCommunityCommunityCommunityCommunityCommunityCommunityResidential careHospitalHospital

Residential careResidentiaNcareCommunityResidentiaNcareHospitaNCommunityCommunityResidentiaNcareHospitaN

Mean age ( years)#6577.5

MAI, SF-36, ADR, all-cause mortality

Sleep complaints, time in bed (min), sleep latency (min), total sleep time (min), sleep period (min) , sleep efficiency (score)

1074.6NP93FallsCampbell 1999[11]

ANard 2001[12]1250380.4NPTotal number of PIM per person, mortality, change in the

medications pre-intervention and post-intervention

1562076.9YesMedication use, falls, percentage of participants who reported Weber 2008[13]

at least one fall, mortality

311580.4NoDBI, prescribing change, mortalityGnjidic 2010[14]

34481UnclearSF-36,EQ-5D, Sleep quality, MMSE, medication adherence, Beer 2011[15]

mortality

6400#65MAI, PIM, DBI, falls, hospital readmission, general practitioner YesGallagher 2011[16]

visits, al cause mortality

12158#65UnclearProportion of PIM ceased between admission and discharge, Dalleur 2014[17]

mortality

61 01881.4Falls, delirium, number of episodes, mortality, physician visits, YesGollarte 2014[18]

ED visits

622782.9Number of hospitalizations, ambulatory service utilization, YesPitkala 2014[19]

EQ-15D, mortality

630375NoComplete cessation of benzodiazepine useTannenbaum 2014[20]

684.3Median number of regular medicine, cognitive function, IADL, 95YesPotter 2016[21]

falls, sleep quality, quality of life, mortality

Unclear40984ADR, falls, ADLYesWehling 2016[22]

1261276.4NoMortality, time to the first and second self-reported fallBoye 2017[23]

1261276.4NoFall-related healthcare costs,EQ-5D,SF-12, mortalityPolinder 2016[24]

44683.2YesProportion of successfully discontinued after 4 months of Wouters 2017[25]

follow-up, DBI, number of falls, visits to outpatient clinics, mortality, EQ-5D-3L, SIB-S, MMSE

Unclear40983YesDisease-related over- and under-treatmentsPazan 2018[26]

MAI: medication appropriateness index; DBI: drug burden index; STOPP( screening tool of older peFRIDs: fall-risk-increasing drugs: START: screening tool to alert right treatment; SF-36: short-form36; ADR: adverse drug reactions; PIM: potentially inappropriate medication ; EQ-5D : the Euro Qol-^D instrument; MMSE: mini-mental state examination; ED: Emergency Department; IADL: instru­mental activity of daily living ; ADL: activity of daily living ; SIB-S: short form of severe impairment battery.

! 164 !中华老年多器官疾病杂志

n

2019年 3 月 28 日第 18 卷第3 期 ChinJMult Organ D+ Elderly,Vol.18, No.&,Mar 28, 2019

【u】666o

【e

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3

5r%I0CNa33.-sd

los

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0100

s 0&:F0P

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t7o(NJ5

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ITF-Jqdn^o

通过来评估纳人研究的异质性;若研究 有

的同质性,即!2<50%,采用固定效应模型进行 合

;反,采用随机效应模型进行合 %合并统计量\"?值及95%: (95%$)。

S966I【

-si!a

图1

纳入随机对照研究偏倚分布

Figure 1 Bias assessment of enrolled studies

22.1

结果

文献检索结果

本研究共检索得到文献1 185篇(PubMed 455篇;

Em_ae 509 篇;Cochame 21 篇;SCI 200 篇;CNKI

0

;方〇篇),自动及 重 870 筛选 纳人18 RCT文献。

,通过

图2

全因死亡率的漏斗图

2.2

Meta分析结果

全因死亡率在已纳人的18篇RCT研究 文

中研究结局包含全因死亡

同研究的不同临床结

Figure 2 Funnel plot of all-cause mortality

(>6个月)、随

!

2.2.1 中,13

(\"6个月)别为0%和

率[9’12_19,23_25],随访时间在1. 25~15个月不等。在 13 文章中有2

局W,24]。2014年Pitka等[19'研究中是对病房进行 随机 和对 ,发

患者进行随机

,研究人群选

年老体弱患者导致 中对结果 从全因死亡率

多,尚未进行干预,随机异,对该研究进行 中剔除,

2。

性分

全因死亡率异质性

al

10%,故选用固定效应模型 全因死亡率,结果发

随 ( >6 ) 的处方精简干预对患者全因死亡率有一定

[0# = 0. 58,95%$

患者全因死

(0. 39~0.86);6 篇 RCT,: = 1 959],而随访时间较 (\"6个月)的处方精简过程并未 :=2 097]。 因死亡率的

3

10

特异性

亡率[0# = 1.02,95%C/(0. 76<1.36);6 篇 RCT,

同随访时间处方精简干预全

死亡人数已有差异,在全因死亡率的分除该研究后异质性

多,故将此研究

对纳人的11篇文章进行异质性检验,!2 = 18%, 采用固定效应模型进行meta分析,共涉及3 961名 患者(干预组,:=2 108),

结局

,全因死

亡率采用意向性分析(Intention-To-Tmat,ITT ),基于 前纳人数据表明:处方精简 多重用药老

年患者的全因死亡率[〇# = 0. 86(0. 67,1.09)]。 2.2. 1.1 随访时间不同全因死亡率比较根据随 访时间不同汇总11

(CT研究中全因死亡率,对

2.2. 1.2特异性干预全因死亡率分析仅有一篇

RCT研究采用教育干预方式,

干预。汇总特异性干预全因死亡率相关数据,异质 性

! = 0%,故选用固定效应模型。结果显

特异性处方精简干预方式 患者全因死亡

率[0# = 0. 68,95% $(0.51 ~ 0.92); 10 篇 RCT, :=2 997],图4为特异性精简干预对全因死亡率的

中华老年多器官疾病杂志 2019年 3 月 28 日第 18 卷第3 期 Chin J Mult Organ Dis Elderly, Vol. 18, No. 3, Mar 28 , 2019 • 165 •

Intenvention

Control2420058516109481931 039

Odds ratio

Weight M-H, Fixed, 95% CJ 0.3% 8.6% 1.6% 25.5% 6.5% 16.0% 58.4%

3.77 [0.15-97.74]0.70 [0.30-1.61]

0.20 [0.01-4.26]4-1.31 [0.87-1.99]Not estimable 0.53 [0.19-1.48]0.95 [0.54-1.67]1.02 [0.76-1.36]

Odds ratioM-H, Fixed, 95% CJ

Follow-up time ^ 6 months Beer 2011[15]1200Gallagher 2011[16]1020014Gnjidic 2010[14]0562Gollarte 2014_5650245Pitkala 2014[19]2511813Potter 2016[21]74712Wouters 2017[25]3023326Subtotal (95% Ci) 1 058Total events10499Heterogeneity: Ciii2=5.58, d^=5 (P=035); P=10% Test for overall effect: Z=0.12 (P=0.91)Follow-up time >6 months Allard 2001[12】613614Boye\"2017[23]13192Dalleur 2014[17]8778Hanlon 1996[9]710510Pitkala 2014[19]3911824Potter 2016[21】114719Weber 2008[13]1741314Subtotal (95% CJ)1 097Total events 5067Heterogeneity: Chi2=2.32, d£=5 (P=0.80); P=0% Test for overall effect: Z=2.73 (P=0.006)

1301 93810311 091148 0^6200

图C

基于随访时间进行处方精简干预对多重用药老年患者死亡率的亚组分析(随机对照研究)

Figure 3 Mortality associated with deprescribing interventions to reduce polypharmacy for subgroup analysis

based on following-up time ( randomized controlled trials)

028411011

4II

I30 24293 81200 58103 48207 931337

2

9 114 116 9

9.4%

0.3% 1.4% 4.8% 9.2% 1.7% 6.5% 9.9% 12.3% 17.1% 72.8% 0.38 [0.14-1.03]3.77 [0.15-97.74]0.46 [0.04-5.07]1.06 [0.38-2.97]0.70 [0.30-1.61]

0.20 [0.01-4.26]4,

0.66 [0.24-1.82]0.47 [0.19-1.13]0.59 [0.29-1.23]0.95 [0.54-1.67]0.68 [0.51-0.92]

1 853 100.0% 0.86 [0.67-1.09]Total (95% CJ) 2 108♦

Total events 147 154Heterogeneity: Chf=\\2A5, t^lO (P=0.28); ^=18%

0.01 0.1 1 10 Test for overall effect: Z=1.28 (P=0.20)

Test for subgroup differences: Chi2=6.34, d£=l (P=0.01); P=S4.2%Favours [experimental] Favours [control]

图4

基于干预方

处方精简干预对多重用药老年患者死亡率的亚组分析(随机对照研究)

100

Figure 4 Mortality associated with deprescribing interventions to reducc polypharmacy for subgroup analysis

based on intervention method (randomized controlled trials)

• 166 •中华老年多器官疾病杂志 2019年 3 月 28 日第 18 卷第3 期 Chin J Mult Organ Dis Elderly, Vol. 18, No. 3, Mar 28, 2019

3

讨论

2.2. 1.3 不同年龄段全因死亡率比较对#80岁及< 80 ,!2

2 年 别

全因死亡率的异质性

399和09,选用固定效应模型分析

死亡率,结果表明对不同年 患者进行处方精简干预不影响全因死亡率& 〇# = 0.63 , 959 $ (0.40-1.02) & 0# = 0. 95 , 959$(0.72-1.25)]%2.2. 1.4不同认知状态全因死亡率比较汇总不同

对全因死亡率影响数据,对

患者全因死亡率异质性 !分别为09和429,差异无统计学意义(%>0. 05),选用固定 效应模型,结果显示处方精简干预对不同 患者的全因死亡率 性影响[0# = 0. 63,959$(0.37~1.07) & 0# = 0.93, 959$ (0.71~1.22)]0 2.2.2 及年

汇总有关处方精简干预 数的数据,异质性

数!分别处方精简不

处方精简 新兴药学服务尚未被国内医

务人员 [27]。2016年NHS向医疗 者行“PresQIPP多重用药和处方 ,结果 的获益表

同,

有419的医疗

进行员对处据不充

医护人员对多重用药定期评估

回应,主要是因为该干预

方精简干预行为进行

对医护人员或团队要求较高,且临床

[4]。本文国内首次系统描述处方精简干预对 老年多重用药患者临床结局的影响%

目前纳人研究尚未 率

亚 需要

随 的精简干预 ,提处方精简

精简干预降低全因死亡

中发现,特异性或死亡率方 有 定 的随

或处方

09和89,采用固定效应模型 精简是个长久获益的过程。另一方面,随访时间的 长短可能与患者依从性相关,尤其是对苯二氮羞I 类或

抗精神病药物进行精简干预时,随

,患者依从性。在进行特殊类别药物精简 应注意随

同进行亚 亡率方面有

的重要性。根据干预方式不,教育干预涉及RCT:,尚

,需更多RCT进行验证。t

全可行的干预措施,这

数(OR = 0.98 , 959$ (0.74-1.27);

4篇RCT;:=1 614),但可以降低年人均跌倒次 数(mean difference, MD )[() = - 0. 11, 959 $ (-0.21--0.02), 3 2.2.3

住院

RCT,: = 844]〇

5%院处方

在18 RCT中有3

结局指标,异质性

异质性,采用随机效应模型

/2 = 65 9,有。结果

表明特异性处方精简干预较教育干预 据均表明处方精简 相似[8]。

精简干预 老年多重用药患者住院时长

&() = -0. 49 , 959$(-0.76--0.22),: = 1 325],

6%

与之前有关处方精简干预的临床研究得到结论

„ ! . Intenvention ------------------------Control . . btudy or subgroup ----------------------- Weight

7 5 F Mean SD Total Mean SD Total 6 Campbell 1999[n]0.521.5316331.161.5316391.9%GoUarte 2014[18]0.320.683440.430.8637273.6%Potter 2016[16]0.560.3392250.650.40893124.5%Total (95% Ci)402442100.0%Heterogeneity: Chf=2.17, d£=2(P=0.34); P=S% Test for overall effect: Z=2.32 (P=0.02)

图E

Mean difference Mean difference-------------------------------------------------IV, Fixed, 95%CI IV, Fixed, 95%CI-0.64 [-1.35-0.07]

C1-0.11 [-0.22-0.00]

-0.09 [-0.29-0.11]-0.11 [-0.21—0.02]

1--------------1—100 —5〇 〇 --------------5〇

Favours [experimental] Favours [control]

处方精简干预对多重用药老年患者人均年跌倒次数的影响(随机对照研究)

Figure 5 Impact on frequency of falls witli deprescr+Ding interventions to reduce polypharmacy

(randomized controlled trial)

Study or subgroupPitkala 2014[19]Gallagher 2011[16]Gollarte 2014[1S]Total (95% Ci)

IntenventionMean SD Total 1.4 1.321188 31.651900.45 1.83344

652

ControlMean SD Total2.31.91098.537.91920.682.76372

673

Weight38.6%0.1%61.2%100.0%

Mean difference IV, Fixed, 95%CI-0.90 [-1.33—0.47]-0.50 [-7.50-6.50]-0.23 [-0.57-0.11]-0.49 [-0.76—0.22]

Mean difference IV, Fixed, 95%CI

K

Test for overall effect: Z=3.60 (P=0.0003)

图F

--------------1---------------1

0 -50 0 50100Favours [experimental] Favours [control]

处方精简干预对多重用药老年患者住院时长的影响(随机对照研究)

Figure 6 Impact on length of hospital stay with deprescribing interventions to reducc polypharmacy

(randomized controlled trial)

中华老年多器官疾病杂志 2019年 3 月 28 日第 18 卷第3 期 Chin J Mult Organ Dis Elderly, Vol. 18, No. 3, Mar 28 , 2019 • 167 •

长。尽管仍需要更多的RCT研究,但目前证据表明 通过处方精简干预减少不适当的多重用药是安全可 行的。

【参考文献】

目前已有流行病学和动物学证据表明多重用药 与高龄状态较差的健康结局相关&28,29],但从目前纳 人研究的荟萃分析结果表明,高龄老年患者药物精 简未能改变全因死亡率。若仅从\"?值分析,<80岁 老年患者相较高龄患者精简干预降低全因死亡率的 趋势更明显,可能表明处方精简敏感性受年龄周期 的限制;认知完好较认知障碍患者在降低全因死亡 率方面似乎更有优势,以上两方面均需进一步研究。 选择适宜年龄段及认知状态的老年患者,采用特异 性干预方式、适宜的随访时间等均可能是精简干预 [1 ] Mangin D,Heatli I,Jamoulle M,et al. Beyond diagnosis : rising

to themultimorbidity challenge [J].BMJ,2012, 344: e3526. DOI: 10. 1136/bmj.e3526.

[2] Tangiisuran B,Wright J,Van der Cammen T,e al. Adverse drug

reactions in el(derly : chaienges in identification and improving pre­ventative strategies [ J ]. Age Ageing, 2009,38 \" 4 $ : 358 - 359. 取得临床获益的因素。

处方精简干预要求每次只精简一种药物,且精 简的目标药物不影响治疗用药临床结局,这也是处 方精简干预临床获益不明确的重要原因。例如对高 龄患者使用的预防用药进行精简,患者的健康结局 尤其是全因死亡率几乎不受影响,这与之前对特定 类别药物进行处方精简的系统分析结果一致,所以 仅从临床结局分析,可能会削弱处方精简干预的

在纳人的18篇RCT中有6篇是对易致跌倒药 物进行精简研究[11,13,16,18,21-23],荟萃分析结果表明 处方精简不能减少跌倒人数,但可降低老年患者年 人均跌倒次数,这和Iyer等研究得到的结论是一致 的,对中枢神经系统药物如镇静药物、抗抑郁药、胆 碱酯酶抑制剂和抗精神病药物等进行干预并长期随 访,结果显示抗精神病药物干预在降低老年患者跌 倒次数、提高认知功能方面具有一定优势[30]。处方 精简干预RCT研究中有3篇结局涉及患者的住院时 长,分析结果表明处方精简干预可以缩短患者住院时 长,但文章间的异质性较大,需谨慎解读[16,18,19]。

处方精简一词广泛使用较迟,因此在检索时需 要扩大检索范围。本文纳人的研究中,较多研究旨 在评估处方精简干预的可行性而不是对健康相关结 局指标或临床结局的影响,导致结局指标较多且散, 难以进行定量分析。患者的健康状况、干预地点、随 访时间的不确定性均会对结局产生偏倚影响,因此 得 的荟萃 结果需谨慎解 。 从检索结果看到近年有关处方精简的RCT研究越来越多,大家 越来越关注处方精简这一药学干预手段,但上述局 限性很难在目前的研究中得到获得最佳临床受益的 目标人群,仍需更高质量、更严谨的(CT进行验证。

综上,目前证据表明特异性处方精简干预或较 长随访时间的处方精简干预过程可能会延长患者寿 命。有限的证据表明,处方精简干预不能减少跌倒 患者 数, 患者年 数, 院

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