First, support systems for the elderly require comprehensive reform. A program for old-age incom
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First, support systems for the elderly require comprehensive reform. A program for old-age income support and healthcare is needed, financed through tax revenue. Financing should be based on accurate actuarial projections, with benefits and contributions designed to be sustainable. Initially the system could prioritize the elderly, poor and those with functional dependencies, rather than providing far costlier universal benefits. At a later stage, the coverage could be expanded.
Second, labor markets need to be opened and the workforce expanded. Thehousehold registration (hukou) system and restrictions on the portability of social benefits hinder migration, geographical mobility and, ultimately, urbanization. Compounded by skill shortages, they impede China's movement up the value chain. The 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-15) envisages a graal dismantling of the hukou system, and the new leaders have indicated their intention to improve living conditions for China's 220 million migrant workers. These efforts should be accelerated.
Third, workers' skills need strengthening, and proctivity and innovation need to be enhanced. Otherwise, deficits in the labor force will erode the country's competitiveness, recing exports and economic growth. Substantial investments in research and development and a shift toward student-centered ecation are essential to increase labor proctivity and support innovation
首先,支持系统为老年人需要全面改革。养老收入支持计划和医疗需要,通过税收资助。融资应该基于准确的保险精算的预测,设计为可持续的好处和贡献。最初的系统可以优先考虑老人,穷人和那些函数依赖,而不是提供昂贵的普遍利益。在稍后的阶段,覆盖范围可以扩大。
其次,劳动力市场需要和劳动力扩大开放。住户登记(户口)系统的可移植性和*社会效益阻碍迁移、地理迁移,最终,城市化。加剧了技能短缺,阻碍中国移动价值链。第12个五年计划(2011 - 15)设想逐步废除户籍制度,和新领导人已经表示他们打算为中国2.2亿农民工改善生活条件。这些努力应加速。
第三,工人的技能需要加强,生产力和创新需要加强。否则,赤字的劳动力将会削弱国家的竞争力,减少出口和经济增长。大量投资于研发和转向以学生为中心的教育对提高劳动生产率和支持创新至关重要
